高中预测英语作文：Unpredictability rules
So regulations today often protect consumers from the mandatory disclosure of predictive tests. But the rules are patchy. In Britain the industry has agreed to a blanket moratorium, renewable every three years, on using predictive genetic information. The sole exception is Huntington’s chorea, where a test of one gene is infallible and has to be disclosed to an insurer for life cover worth more than £500,000 ($662,000). In America the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act bans health insurers (and employers) from using such results, but is silent on other types of insurance. In several countries life insurers may already ask for disclosure of predictive genetic tests for policies over a certain value.
所以今天的规章制度经常保护消费者免于预测性检测的信息遭到披露。但这些规则是零散的。英国的保险业同意全面暂停(实施这些规则)，基因预测信息每三年更新一次。亨廷顿舞蹈病是个例外，人们能确定其致病基因，而且必须向保险公司披露相关测试信息如果他们想投价值超过50万英镑(66.2万美元)的生命保险。美国的.《反基因歧视法》禁止健康保险公司(和雇主)使用测试结果，但未明确提及其它类型的保险公司。在有些国家，人寿保险公司可能已经就超过一定额度的保单要求公开预测基因测试的结果。
But testing is rarely cut-and-dried. Ronnie Klein from the Geneva Association, an insurance-industry think-tank, says that, unlike Huntington’s, most illnesses stem from a number of factors, including lifestyle and environment, and a combination of genes. For example, although the ApoE4 allele increases the risk of Alzheimer’s, many without it still get the disease.
但是测试很少能一锤定音。日内瓦协会的罗尼·克莱因是保险业的一名智库，他说与亨廷顿舞蹈病不同的是，大多数疾病源于一系列的事实，包括生活方式、环境和血多基因的混成。比如，尽管ApoE4的等位基因增加了患阿尔茨海默氏病的风险，但是许多没有这个基因的人也会患该病。
Some regulators, such as Germany’s, have outlawed direct-to-consumer tests. But nothing stops Germans from ordering from abroad, and, just as it became normal for life insurers to ask for family history, so insurers will surely eventually have access to relevant genetic information. The question will be what they are allowed to do with it. When blood tests for AIDS first appeared, insurers also fretted about adverse selection. Many jurisdictions ruled they could not be used for calculating health premiums, as these were a basic good, but could be used for life policies. As genetic testing spreads, society and insurers may face many similar difficult assessments.
一些监管部门，比如德国的，已经宣布直接面向消费者的测试是不合法的。但这不能阻止德国从国外采购。而且，正如保险公司询问家族史成为常态，他们最终一定会得到关于基因的信息。现在的问题是，在有了这样的信息之后，他们可以做什么。当检测艾滋病的血液测试首次出现时，保险公司也曾担心过不利的选择。许多司法规定 在计算健康保险费时不可以使用它们，因为它们是基本商品，但在计算人寿保险时可以。当越来越多的人使用基因检测的时候，社会和保险商也许会遇到许多类似的困难评估。
【本文作者：徐州七中 彭向梅 。(公众号：草根英语行思教)】
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