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初一英语语法及知识点归纳(精选8篇)
英语里面最难掌握的内容就是语法,初一的语法知识是最基础的,想学好并不难。下面是百分网小编为大家整理的初一英语语法知识归纳,希望对大家有用!
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 1
1、名词
A)、名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一) 直接在后面加s
如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二) x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。
如:boxes, glasses, dresses(连衣裙), watches,wishes([wi]希望、祝福), faxes(传真)
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
如:baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties [dju:ti责任、职务], comedy-comedies [kmidi喜剧],documentary-documentaries
story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys(玩具), key-keys,ways(方法、道路)
四)1)以o结尾加s(外来词)
如:radios, photos,2)是辅音加o的加es: [,dkjumentri纪录片n、记录的v],如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的'变f为v再加es(s)。
如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,shelf-shelves [elf架子、搁板], leaf-leaves(叶子),yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)
如:fish, sheep, deer [di鹿n], Chinese, Japanese
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 2
名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形 式。构成如下:
一) 单数在后面加s。
如:brothers, Mikes, teachers
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加,如:Teachers Day教师节, classmates同学们的
如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。
Childrens Day六一节,Womens Day三八节
二) 由and并列的名词所有格,1、如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个s,如:Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),2、分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。
如:Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的`房间(各自的房间)
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 3
动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该加s,如下:
一) 一般在词后加s
如:comes, spells, waits[weit等待], talks, sees, dances,trains [trein火车n培训v]
二) 在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。
如:watches, washes[w, 洗涤], wishes[wi祝愿v], finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。
如:study-studies, hurry-hurries [hri匆忙], try-tries(尝试)
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。
如:plays, says, stays(停留、保持),enjoys(欣赏), buys(购买)
三) 以o结尾加es。
如:does, goes
四) 特殊的`有:
are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一) 一般在后加ing。
如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二) 以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。
如:dance-dancing,wake-waking(叫醒、醒来),take-taking(拿、取、接收),practice [prktis实习、练习] -practicing,write-writing, have-having
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 4
一、现在进行时用法
主语在句首,am is are 跟在后,现在分词跟着走,其他成分不可丢。
表示动作正进行,句中now时间定。
一般问句,把be提到句前去。
否定句式也简单,be后只把not添。
二、特殊疑问句用法。
What用途广,要问“什么”它当先。(Whats this?)
How开头来“问安”。(How are you?)
Who 问“谁”。(Whos that man?)
“谁的'”Whose来承担。(Whose eraser is this?)
询问“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)
“哪一个”which句首站。(which one?)
三、动词加-s或-es方法歌诀
动词三单现在式,一般词尾加-s。
s,x,ch,sh在词尾,直接加上-es。
词尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。
“辅音字母+y”来结尾,变y为i是正规。
-es后边紧跟随,study——studies看明白。
四、“be going to”的用法口诀
be going to,表打算,准备、计划将干。
表可能,有必然,通过现象来推断。
使用它,要注意,疑问形式be提前。
否定句,更简单,not放在be后边。
to之后,动原型,be的形式看人称。
下列词,要注意,come go 和离去(leave)
进行时,表将来,牢牢记住莫忘记。
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 5
一、形容词性物主代词。
1、形容词性物主代词8个:
My、your、his、her、its、our、your、their
我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、它(他、她)们的
2、形容词性物主代词的特点:
①译成汉语都有“的”eg:my 我的 their 他们的
②后面加名词:eg:my backpack his name
③前后不用冠词 a an the
This is a my eraser(错误)
That is your a pen(错误)
Its his the pen(错误)
3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he(物主代词)her we(物主代词)our
注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。
二、名词性物主代词
1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个:
Mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs
我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的.、你们的、它(他、她)们的'
2、名词性物主代词的特点:
①译成汉语都有“的”
②后面不加名词
③名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
eg:the pen is mine 钢笔是我的 (mine=my pen)
三、单数的句子变成复数的句子
把单数的句子变成复数的句子很简单,变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a或an要去掉。
特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。
eg:把下列句子变成复数
1、I have a car.——We have cars.
2、He is an American boy.——They are American boys.
3、Its a car.——They are cars.
4、This is an eraser.——These are erasers.
5、That is a backpack.——Those are backpacks.
6、Im an English teather.——We are English teachers.
7、Its a new shirt.——They are new shirts.
8、Hes a boy.——They are boys.
9、Shes a singer.——They are singers.
10、Whats this in English?——What are these in English?
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 6
一、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。
单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问好莫丢弃。还有一条需注意,句首大写莫忘记。
二、this,that 和 it 的用法。
① this 和 that 是指示代词,it 是人称代词。
②距离说话人近的人或物用 this,距离说话人远的人或物用 that。
如:This is a flower.这是一朵花(近处)
That is a tree.那是一棵树(远处)
③放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。
如:This is a pen.这是一只钢笔。
That is a pencil.那是一只铅笔。
④向别人介绍某人时说 this is ......不说 that is ......。
如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦。海伦,这是汤姆。
⑤This is 不能缩写,而 That is 可以缩写。
如:This is a bike.这是一辆自行车。
Thats a car.那是一辆轿车。
⑥介绍自己,打电话时用 this,询问对方用 that。
如:Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂!是格林小姐吗?
Yes,this is.Whos that? 是的.,我是。你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但是英语打电话种绝对不可以说:I am......,are you......?/Who are you?
⑦在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时,要用 it 代替 this 或 that。
如:Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?
Yes,it is.是的,它是。
Whats that? 那是什么?
Its a kite. 是只风筝。
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 7
1、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
2、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。
2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。
3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesnt),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (dont),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
3、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
4、be going to
1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +动词原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?
5、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的.时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didnt +动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
初一英语语法及知识点归纳 8
1.人称代词
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older ,taller, longer, stronger
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s abook –books
Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice等。
5.缩略形式
Im= I a, youre = you are, shes= she is, hes = he is
its= it is, whos =who is, cant =can not, isnt=is not等。
6.a/an
a book, a peach
an egg, an hour
7.Preposition
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.
表示时间: at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday, on 15th July, On National Day
in the evening, in December, in winter
8.基数词和序数词
one – first, two-second,twenty-twentieth
9.some/any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10.be动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they arent.
Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isnt.
11.there be结构
肯定句:There is a …
Thereare …
一般疑问句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.
Arethere…? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.
否定句: There isnt ….
Therearent….
12.祈使句
Sit down please
Dontsit down, please.
13.现在进行时
通常用“now”.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词—ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14.一般现在时
通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”。
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.
否定句: We dont go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening.
15.情态动词
can,must, should后面直接用动词原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16.一般过去时态
(a) be 动词的过去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 动词过去式:
肯定句: I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidnt.
否定句: They didnt go the the part yesterday.
He didnt make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化:
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e+d eg liked。
Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg:stop --stopped
不规则动词的变化:
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
17.Wh-"questions"
What are you doing?
What colour is it?
What time is it?/ Whats the time?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
Whosthe man with a big nose?
Whose bag is it?
When is your birthday?
Where is my ball pen?
Why do you like summer?
How many books are there in the school bag?
How old is the young man?
How much is the toy bear?
How do you go to school every day?
1、一般现在时
A、表示不受时限的客观存在如:He is a boy. She is a student.
My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.
B、表示现在的习惯动作,即指现在经常发生的动作,一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) ,always(总是,一直) , never(从不)
如:I often go to school on foot.
My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.
C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作.如:How are you? You look happy. Whats the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
☆注意☆ 英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时,须在词尾加s 或 -es。例如:I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母结尾的。如:watches , teaches ,goes , washes
2、一般将来时
表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等
☆注意☆ 一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构:
①be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点
②will + 动词的'原形
例句: Im going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.
3、现在进行时
表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。
☆注意☆它的构成是:be的现在时形式(am , is , are)加动词的ing形式。
如:What are you doing? Im writing a letter. What arethey doing? Theyre swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.
☆ 注意☆ 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
☆ ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming, sitting , getting
4、一般过去时
主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系,它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如:I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
☆注意☆ 一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式,动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed ;如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d ;如 lived, danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed (此类动词较少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank
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