英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 3-1
大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 3-1
Unit 3
Text A: The Atlantic ocean
In the earth, there are four oceans: the pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean, the Indian ocean, and the Arctic ocean. The Atlantic ocean isn’t the biggest in area, but there are other two things that make it very unusual. Do you want to know what they are, and then please read the text very carefully? And from the past exams the text is very important.
A.New words:
1.sailor: n 水手、海员； sail: v 航海， n航海、帆（*）
a.He has sailed for New York.
b.He is a good sailor and seldom gets sick during storms at sea.
c.How many days’ sail is it from Tianjin to Dalian?
2.unwilling: a不情愿的， 反义词willing：愿意的，常用短语：be willing to do…, be unwilling to do…; 副词：unwillingly, willingly; 名词：will意愿、意志。（*）
a.He is happy with the price and willing to pay.
b.The child always does his homework unwillingly, so he hasn’t made much progress.
c.She is ill and unwilling to go out with us.
3.unusual: a不寻常的、与众不同的，反义词：usual, 副词：usually(*)
a.Young people should not wear unusual clothes.
b.He went to town as usual with his father.
c.A classified advertisement is usually a few lines long.
4.salty: a 咸的，salt: n 盐；salted用盐腌的
a.The sea water is salty.
b.The salted beef is delicious.
5.average: n/a/v平均数、平均的、平均常用短语：on the average(*)
a.The average of 2,3 and 4 is 3.
b.The average age of the students in this class is eighteen.
c.They averaged 20 miles a day during their last journey.
6.range: n 山脉、范围；v 变化，排列成行
a.She has a wide range of interests.
b.He ranged the books by size.
7. peak: n 高峰，adj 高峰的，反义词：off-peak
peak hour = rush hour
8.eastward, westward, northward, southward: adj adv
9. crew:集体名词
10. becalm: v become calm; calm: a 平静的、安静的, please keep calm.
11.current: n 水流、电流；adj 流行的
a.The current is the strongest in the middle of the river.
b.Turn off the current while making repairs.
c.of all her dresses, only one is still current.
12.affect: v 影响、打动；effect n 影响，have an effect on sth; affecting adj 动人的；effective adj 有影响的、有效的'。（*）
a.Violent TV programs have a bad effect on the children.
b.Music can affect some people very strongly.
c.The law is no longer effective.
13. furnish: v 用家具布置，家具：furniture.
B.Grammar knowledge: 定冠词的用法
please look at the following sentences from the text:
a.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that ….
b.The narrowest place is between the bulge of ….
c.The Azores are the tops of the peak ….
1.冠词（articles）:是一种虚词，放在一个名词前，帮助说明该名词的含义。它分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。
2.定冠词the的用法如下：
①重复上文提到过的人或物：
e.g. There is a refrigerator in the kitchen. The refrigerator is white.
(第一次提到用不定冠词，第二次用定冠词，表特指。)
②特指谈话双方都知道的人或物。
e.g. How do you like the film?
③指世界上独一无二的事物。
e.g. The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
④常用在乐器前：
e.g. I want to play the piano/ the violin.
⑤用在一些公用事业名称前,
e.g. I will go to the post office/ the museum/ the cinema.
⑥用在序数词和形容词最高级之前，
e.g. the first time, the biggest.
⑦用在某些专有名词前，
e.g. the people’s Republic of China, the great wall, the white house
⑧特指某些江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊，
e.g. the Changjiang River, the pacific ocean, the Himalayas, the Salt Lake
⑨和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人,
e.g. the rich, the poor, the dead, the young
⑩用在姓氏的复数形式前，表一家人,
e.g. The Greens are watching TV.
另外，还用在许多习惯用语中：in the morning/afternoon/evening, on the left. Right, by the way, in the middle of etc.
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