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that在定语从句中的用法总结

时间:2023-01-07 19:04:53 英语 我要投稿

that在定语从句中的用法总结

  从句,即从属子句,是复句中具有分属地位的分句,它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代汉语的语法中,“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。

that在定语从句中的用法总结

  以下是小编整理的that在定语从句中的用法总结,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

  that在定语从句中的用法1

  (1)不用that的情况

  (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

  (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

  (b) 介词后不能用。

  We depend on the land from which we get our food.

  We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

  (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

  (a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

  (b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

  (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。

  (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。

  (e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

  (f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.

  (g) 为了避免重复.

  (h)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略

  (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时

  that在定语从句中的用法2

  首先、that既可以代指物,也可以代指人。

  例1:Tom doesn’t like the birthday present that his father bought him.汤姆不喜欢他爸爸买给他的生日礼物。(that代指前面的生日礼物)

  例2:Do you know the man that is waiting for you at the door?你认不认识在门口等你的那个人?(that指代前面的the man)

  其次、有许多情况只能用that。

  1、当先行词既指人又指物的时候。(只有that既可以指人,也可以指物)

  例3:Tom is one of my classmates, but I don’t remember the persons and thingsthathe talks about.

  2、当先行词被最高级修饰的时候。(有特指或强调含义)

  例4:Tom is the fastese runner that I have ever seen.

  3、当先行词被序数词修饰的时候。(序数词也可以表达特指。比如某个比赛中的世界第九名和世界第一名正常情况下都是世界唯一的。)

  例5:Tom is the first man that I want to make friend with.

  4、 先行词是不定代词时。如:something, anything, everything, nothing, few, little, all, none, some,(不确定它们代指的是什么,有不确定性)

  例6:Some person that I don’t know called you just now.某个我不认识的人刚才打电话给你。

  5、先行词被the very, the just, the only, the last, the same等修饰的时候。(表示唯一和强调)

  例7:This is the very watch that I’m looking for. 这恰恰就是我在找的手表。

  6、当前面已经有了who,which等词的时候,后面为避免重复,不再使用who或which,必须使用that。

  7、在there be句型中,主语是先行词并且指物的时候只用that。

  例8:There is a painting that I fall in love with at the first sight.

  that在从句中的用法小结3

  that除了用作指代代词以外,还可以用作连词引导名词性从句、状语从句,用作关系代词,引导定语从句。其用法如下:

  一、that用作连词,引导名词性从句。

  1.引导宾语从句,that无实际意义,可省略。例如: We must remember(that)the enemy will not perish of himself.我们必须记住敌人是不会自行消灭的。Kitty said(that)she would call again after supper.凯蒂说她晚饭后再来

  但是,当一个句子很复杂,句中有多个并列的宾语从句时,特别是第一个宾语从句特别长的情况下,后面宾语从句前的that不可省略。例如:

  I wish(that)we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books in Shanghai on our way back.我希望今年夏天到杭州去玩玩,并在返回的路上到上海买点书。

  2.用于主语从句中,that一般不能省略。

  例如: That we need more equipment is quite obvious.我们需要更多的设备,这是很明显的。That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着,这是使人感到宽慰的。(以上两句中的that不能省)

  有时主语从句较长,这时往往用it作形式主语,而把that从句移后。

  例如: It is good you are so considerate.你这么周到是很好的

  It is certain that they will all eventually turn to socialism.可以肯定他们最后都必将转到社会主义方面来。

  3.用在表语从句中,一般不可省。

  例如:His suggestion is that we(should)turn the land into rice fields.他的建议是我们把这片地开发成稻田。

  But the fact remains that we are behind the other group.现实情况仍旧是我们比别的组落后。

  4.用于同位语从句,that 不可省。例如: We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到了我们队赢了的消息。

  The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.他什么都没有说,这个事实让我们都感到惊讶。

  5.用于强调句,that不能省。例如: It was in Beijing that I met her last week.我是上周在北京见到她的。

  It was on this condition that I went.是在这个条件下我才去的。

  二、用于so that, so...that..., such...that..., 引导目的或结果状语从句。

  例如: We hurried so that we might not be late for the lecture.我们匆匆忙忙是为了听演讲不迟到。

  I am so tired that I can not go on.我如此疲劳以致于不能再继续了。

  三、作关系代词引导定语从句,可以在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。

  例如:The students that had been watching started to applaud.(作主语)一直在一旁观看的学生们鼓起掌来。

  He is a man(that)you can safely depend on.(作宾语)他是一个能放心信赖的人。

  定语从句中的特殊用法4

  定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句,并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一,使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。

  一、只用that不用which的情况

  1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如: Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。

  I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。例如: 2The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。

  That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。

  3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如:

  The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。

  This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。

  4、被修饰词为数词时。例如:

  Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。

  5、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句:

  There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。

  6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如:

  We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。

  He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。

  7、当主句中有who, which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。例如:

  Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁?

  Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多?

  人或物在定语从句中表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常也可以省略。例如:

  He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。

  8、二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况

  1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如:

  Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的,这使得他很轻。

  2、当关系词前有介词时。例如:

  This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。

  3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如:

  Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。

  4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如:

  Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。

  5、先行词为that时。例如:

  The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。

  三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况

  1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如:

  The person I want to learn from is one who studies

  hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋,工作出色的人。

  2、在There be结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用 who关系代词指代人。例如: There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生想见你。

  3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如:

  I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人。

  4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。

  注意:当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。例如:

  The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。

  way在定语从句作先行词的用法

  当先行词为way时,定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。例如:

  I don’t like the way(that /in which)he looks at me.我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。四、五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when, where, why的用法

  1、先行词表示时间时,定语从句中的谓语动词如果是不及物动词,用关系副词when或介词+ which;如果是及物动词,用which或that都行。例如:

  I still remember the days when(=on which)we lived together.我仍然记得我们在一起的时光。

  2、先行词表示地点时,如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词,用关系副词where或介词+which;如果是及物动词时,用which或that都可以。例如:

  This is the small village where(=in which)Chairman Mao ever lived.这就是毛主席曾经居住过的小村庄。

  表示原因时,why前的先行词是表示原因的名词reason。例如:

  Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you di3、dn’t finish your homework? 你能告诉我你没有完成作业的原因吗?

  六、whose引导的定语从句

  Whose引导定语从句时,其先行词可以指人,也可以指物,当先行词指物时,可以用the+名词+of which的结构。例如:

  He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which)are built on top of a hill.他就读的学校其房子都建在山顶上。

  七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句

  1、引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有the same, so或such与as相呼应, as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。as引出的定语从句带有比较意义,从句常常只写出比较部分,但as本身不可省略。例如:

  He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。

  They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.他们在他们曾租用过的同一房间过夜。

  注意:在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句,但含义有所不同。that引出的从句,指的.是与先行词同一的事物,而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。例如:

  This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的包的样子是同样的。

  This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。

  2、引导非限制性定语从句。带主句的全部或部分内容。常译为“正如-------”“就像------”等,定语从句可以置于主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态。例如:

  As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.正如大家所知道的那样,月球每月绕着地球转一圈。

  He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去知觉,这从他的眼神可以看出来。

  注意:as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:

  1)、都可以代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.2)、as可放在句首,而which不能。

  3)、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;如果为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.例如:

  It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.昨天下大雨,这使得我不能去公园。

  八、of短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况

  one of the +复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词,通常用复数形式,与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果one of the+复数名词这一结构前面带有the/only/the only之类的限定语,从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,此时从句在意义上修饰的 是the one.例如:

  Tom is one of the boys who were late that morning.汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。

  Tom is the(only/the only)one of the boys who was late that morning.汤姆是那天早上唯一迟到的男生。

  九、that有时可用作关系副词来代替when, 引导一个定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词,如day, time, moment等。例如:

  I arrived here the day that(=when)he left.我是在他离开的那天到达这儿的。

  He worked hard the whole time that(=when)he lived here.他在这里的整个时间工作都很努力。

  十、than和but也可用作关系代词引导定语从句

  1、than用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

  You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花的钱超过了预定的数额。(than是关系代词,在句中作主语,其先行词是money)

  2、but作为关系代词引导定语从句时,一般同具有否定意义的主句连用,其先行词可以是人,也可以是物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。例如:

  There was not a single student in my class but learnt a lot from him.(but=who did not)我班上每一个学生都从他那里学到了很多东西。

  因此,在这种句子中,but在意义上等于“that...not”,“who...not”,“which...not”。

  修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 使用that的情况:

  1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。e.g.Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

  e.g.I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g.This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g.Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book(that)there is on the subject.8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。e.g.This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时。

  e.g.I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用which的情况。

  1、非限制性定语从句中。

  e.g.Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后。

  e.g.This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。

  e.g.That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

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