如何区分定语从句与同位语从句

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如何区分定语从句与同位语从句

　　在学习英语过程中，定语从句和同位从句是非常重要的一个知识点，那么我们该如何区分定语从句与同位语从句呢？下面是小编为大家整理的区分方法，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

　　1. 从词类上区别

　　同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句，如:

　　The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)

　　Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)

　　2. 从性质上区别

　　定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:

　　The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)

　　The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)

　　3.定语从句引导词在从句中充当句子成分，只是位置提前了。缺少了引导词，从句是不完整的。而同位语从句引导词不作从句中的任何成分，没有引导词参与，主句仍然完整。例如：

　　that作引导词（which，who同理）在从句中作主语或宾语。

　　The fact that（which） we talked about is very important．我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。（定语从句，that在从句中作about的宾语）

　　The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody．他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（同位语从句，that只起连接作用）

　　The news that you heard is true．你听到的消息是真的。（定语从句，that在从句中作heard的宾语）

　　Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village．消息传来，说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。（同位语从句，that只起连接作用）

　　在作定语从句引导词时，when=介词+which（表时间），其先行词是一个时间名词；而where=介词+which（表地点），其先行词是一个地点名词。例如：

　　I will never forget the day when I joined the army.（when=on the day，先行词day为时间名词）

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.（where=in the house，先行词house为地点名词）

　　在做同位语从句引导词时，when，where与其引导的从句共同构成变了形的疑问句，其先行词不一定是时间或地点名词。例如：

　　We have no idea when she was born．（从句when she was born是疑问句when was she born？的变形，idea不是时间名词）

　　He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．（从句where the meeting would be held是疑问句where would the meeting be held？的变形，先行词question不是地点名词）

　　whom，whose分别在定语从句中作宾语和定语，请自行分析拆解

　　4.根据先行词区分

　　定语从句的先行词是任意的；而同位语从句的先行词通常是一些有内容的词，包括但不限于：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words，possibility等。

　　5. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

　　有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句，如:

　　That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)

　　引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替，如:

　　The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)

　　The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)

　　【例句】

　　The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

　　【解析】

　　句子可拆分为：The issue of //whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, //has been highlighted //by mounting evidence //that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and //by the continuing controversy over suggestions //that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

　　主句为：The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主语的结构为: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短语修饰the issue, of 短语较长一般译在后面；that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位语从句，（即是evidence的具体内容）。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位语从句，说明suggestions的具体内容。）第一个同位语从句可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。第二个同位语可以放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。

　　【参考译文】

　　越来越多的证据表明，这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水，而且人们对从火星落到地球上的细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论，使火星上是否存在过生命和是否至今仍有生命的问题成为了引人注目的重点。

　　【真题】

　　1. There is hard evidence___________George has something to do with the murder.

　　A.which

　　B.what

　　C.why

　　D.that

　　2.It is the promise _______ the government will ban students from using mobile phones at school _______ excites the teachers and parents.

　　A.that, that

　　B.which, that

　　C.不填 ; that