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定语从句讲解与练习题精选
在日常学习和工作中，我们经常接触到练习题，多做练习方可真正记牢知识点，明确知识点则做练习效果事半功倍，必须双管齐下。那么一般好的习题都具备什么特点呢？以下是小编帮大家整理的定语从句讲解与练习题精选，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
定语从句讲解与练习题 1
一．定义：
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
二．特点：
1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
2. 关联词：
1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。
2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。
关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。
三．基本结构：
先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分
四．关系代词的用法：
1. that 和which
that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)
2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：
1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.
3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.
4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no, every, little, much, many修饰时，只能用that
Here is all the money (that) I have.
6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.
7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导
Is it the one（that）you want？
8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3. who和whom
who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
五.关系副词的用法：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which
2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
㈠．单项选择
1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. that C. which D. /
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what B. which C. as D. /
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?
A. that B. when C. what D. on that
21. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
22. October 1, 1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
A. when B. that C. where D. in which
23. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which
24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
27. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?
A. what B. why C. that D. which
28. It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years.
A. that has been held B. which has been held
C. that have been held D. which have held
29. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well?
A. in front of it B. in front of whose
C. in front of which D. in the front of which
30. I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the League.
A. on which B. which C. in which D. at which
31. She showed her new watch to my wife, ___ was kept in a box.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
32. She had three sons, all ___ became doctors.
A. who B. whom C. of them D. of whom
33. This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics.
A. that B. what C. which D. whose
34. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world.
A. It B. That C. As D. Which
35. Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
㈡．将下列两句话合并成一句.
1. I can’t find the book.. I bought a book yesterday.
______________________________________________________________
2. The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage.
______________________________________________________________
3. The West Lake lies in Hangzhou. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China.
______________________________________________________________
4. I don’t know that boy. The boy is in blue shirt.
______________________________________________________________
5. My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music.
______________________________________________________________
6. The cat is mine. The cat is playing with a ball.
______________________________________________________________
答案：
一）
1-5 A C A B A
6-10 B B C A D
11-15 A B D D A
16-20 D C A B B
21-25 D B B A D
26-30 D C C C A
31-35 B D D C B
（二）
1. I can’t find the book that/which/ / I bought yesterday.
2. The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister.
3. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou.
4. I don’t know the boy who/that is in blue shirt.
5. My brother likes the singers who/that write their own music.
6. The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.
定语从句讲解与练习题 2
一、了解定语从句及相关术语
1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，相当于形容词在句中作定语。
2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。
He is the man who I want to see. 他就是我想见的人。
先行词 关系词 定语从句
二、掌握关系代词及其作用
最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that，which和as。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。
1. who指人，在定语从句中一般做主语。如：
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father? 你认识和你爸爸讲话的那个人吗？(定语从句修饰先行词the man，who在定语从句中作is speaking的主语）
This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 这是昨天帮助我们的那个陌生人。
She is the girl who works hard at maths. 她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可以省略。如：
He is the man (whom) we just talked about. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
The boy (whom) we met in the street yesterday is my classmate. 我们昨天在大街上遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语修饰它后面的名词。如：
This is the girl whose father is a policeman. 这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。
They live in a house whose windows face south. 他们住在一座窗子朝南的房子里。
4. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：
Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn. 物理是一门很难学的科目。（在定语从句中做主语，不能省略）
Apples are the fruit (which) she likes best. 苹果是她最喜欢的水果。
5. that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如：
He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
We like programs that are very interesting. 我们喜欢有趣的节目。
She is the woman （that） we saw in the bookshop. 她是我们在书店见到的那名妇女。
6. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。如：
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 来这个城市参观的人数每年增长一百万。
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 今天早晨我看见的那个人在哪里？
三、掌握关系副词及其作用
关系副词有when、where、why，他们在引导定语从句时，既在定语从句中充当状语，又起连接作用。
1. When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。如：
I still remember the day when I first came to Dalian. 我仍然记得第一次来大连那天的情景。
He told me the date when he joined the party. 他告诉了我他入党的时间。
They stayed with me for three weeks when they drank all the wine I had.他们和我一起住了三个星期，在那三周里，把我所有的葡萄酒都喝光了。
2. where指地点、在定语从句中充当地点状语。如：
This is the house where we lived when we were young. 这就是我们小时候住的房子。
This is the village where I grew up. 这就是我长大的那个村庄。
Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. 杭州是个有一个美丽的湖泊的城市。
3. why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。如：
I know the reason why he was late for the meeting. 我知道他开会迟到的原因。
Do you know the reason why he refused the invitation? 你知道他拒绝应邀的原因吗？
That is the reason why I’ve changed so much. 那就是我变化这么快的原因。
四、学习定语从句应该注意的问题
1. 关系代词和关系副词的选用
如果先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，不能就一律断定要用关系副词when或where，务必要看引导词在从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，用关系副词，如做主语或宾语要用关系代词。当reason做先行词时，也需注意其引导词在从句中作什么成分，不能断定一概用why来引导。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起工作的时光。 （work是不及物动词，when在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词。）
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起渡过的时光。
spend是及物动词，which/that在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词，也可以省略。）
This is the factory where he worked before. 这是他以前工作过的工厂。（work是不及物动词，where在定语从句中作状语。）
This is the factory which/that he visited before. 这是他以前参观过的工厂。（visit是及物动词，which/that在从句中作宾语，亦可省略。）
The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。定语从句中缺状语，表示原因，故用关系副词why）
The reason that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.他所解释的迟到的原因是他误了头班汽车。（explain是及物动词，that在从句中作其宾语）
再看一个例题：
（1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
（2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
（3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.
A. where B. which C. whom D. whose
以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：（1）和（3）选B. which。（2）选A. where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。
2. 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? 你把李先生说的话都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 在他看来世界上似乎没有不可能的是。
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。
2）当先行词被序数词修饰。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方就是“大本钟”。
3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
I think the film Assembly is the best film that I have seen. 我认为电影《集结号》是我看过的最好的电影。
4）当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本辞典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 房子失火以后，那辆旧汽车就是他唯一的财产。
5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件T恤适合我穿？
6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。如：
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?你还记得我们学到的那个科学家及他的理论吗？
3. 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1）定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。如：
The plane that has just taken off is for London. 刚起飞的飞机是去伦敦的。（定语从句）
The fact that he has been dead is clear. 他已经死亡的事实是清楚的。（同位语从句）
2）定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分。如：
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.我们现在面临的问题是怎样筹集那么多钱。 （定语从句）
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 怎样筹集钱的问题很难解决。（同位语从句）
3）同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以。如：
The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.地球绕着太阳转这一事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句）
The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 这个事实就是地球绕着太阳转。
3. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
4. that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
五、考点链接
1. 考查that
Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
【解析】C。从句中visited 是及物动词，而且没有宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句。
2. 考查who，whom和whose
1）Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填表; 不填
【解析】C。第一空定语从句缺少主语，必须用who，不能省略；第二空也是关系代词作主语，不能省略。
2）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
【解析】A。从句中缺少的是roof的定语，在定语从句中关系代词作定语用whose，whose可以修饰人，也可以修饰物。
3. 考查when，where和when
1）—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
【解析】D。 work是不及物动词，不需要宾语，所以用where引导定语从句。
练习题
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. Ill never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. Ill never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ wevisited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ wevisited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom willgo to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____weve talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother____you didnt like?
23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______Id like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spendyour weekend.
KEYS:
1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which
8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that
15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that
21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose
26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where
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