定语从句的引导
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词有where, when, why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。现分述如下:
1. 定语从句假如修饰人,经常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。例如:
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常协助他人的人。
假如这个关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用whom或that, 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如:
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是,假如是在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如:
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
假如表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose。例如:
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗?
whose的先行词也可是物。例如:
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2. 定语从句假如修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。例如:
It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。例如:
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的`那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。例如:
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
3. 定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时,用关系副词when。例如:
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
4. 定语从句修饰地点名词时,用关系副词where。例如:
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
5. 定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时,用关系副词why。例如:
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
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