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定语从句的限制性和非限制性
定语从句根据它与先行词之间的关系分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。下面是小编精心整理的定语从句的限制性和非限制性,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
(一)限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句:大多数定语从句对所修饰的词加以限制,表示“什么的人或什么的东西”.如:
The man who robbed him has been arrested (who robbed him 是对前面man的修饰,表示该被抓的人是抢劫他的人)
(2)这类从句多由关系代词或关系副词引导.
关系代词:that which who whom 等
关系副词:where when why 等
如:
Everyone who(that) knew him liked him.
This is the village where I was born.
(3)在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,绝大多数情况下都可以省略.如:
There are the things (that) you need .
(二)非限制定语从句
(1)非限制定语从句:非限制定语从句对所修饰的词没有限制作用,而只是作一些补充说明而已,通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其它部分隔开,在译成中文时,非限制定语从句多半译成一个并列句.如:
Sunday is a holiday,when people do not go to work (后面的when从句时对前面holiday的补充说明)
(2)注意,非限制定语从句不能由关系代词that和关系副词why引导,也不能省略任何关系副词:
(3)非限制定语从句中which和whom长可和of或者其它介词连用.如:
I picked the apples,some of which are badly bruised. ( 句中的some of which 可改为:of which some )
(4)which有时不代表一个词,而是代表前面整个句子或者部分.如:
They rely on themselves,which is much better.
(三)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
(1) 非限制性定语从句通常要用逗号把它和句子的其它部分隔开,而限制性定语从句一般没有.
(2)非限制性定语从句只是对句子的补充说明,若省去的话对句子没有多大影响,句子中依然不缺少任何成分;而限制性定语从句若省去的话,对句子的影响很大,甚至句子已因为缺少成份而不成立
例句
1)This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理。史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
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