定语从句汉译英练习

　　定语从句，是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面提供定语从句汉译英练习，希望对你们有帮助!

　　定语从句汉译英练习1

　　1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。

　　She is the girl who studies math hard.

　　2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。

　　He is the man whom/that we talked about just now.

　　3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。

　　This is the girl whose father is a policeman.

　　4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。

　　They live in a house whose windows face south.

　　5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天

　　I still remember the day when we first arrived in the city.

　　6、这就是我们以前住过的房子

　　This is the house in which/where we used to live.

　　7、他们来到一所农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩

　　They arrived at a cottage, in front of which sat a little boy.

　　8、我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了

　　I lost the pen that cost me 10 yuan.

　　9、那个女人住在楼下，她是个音乐家

　　The woman lives downstairs, who is a musician.

　　10、他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴

　　He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.

　　11.、众所周知，中国将在2008年举办奥运会As we all know, china host the olympic games in 2008. china host the olympic games in 2008, which we all know.

　　12、我永远记得我参军的那一天

　　I will always remember the day when I joined the army.

　　13、我们班有50个学生，三分之二是女生

　　There are 50 students in our class, 2/3 of whom are girls.

　　14、我们期望的那一天将很快来到

　　The day (that/which we expect) will come soon.

　　15、他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物

　　They are talking about the people and things that they saw in the park.

　　16、这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一

　　This is the one of the most famous scripts that was written in the 30s.

　　17.这正是我要为她买的礼物

　　This is the very present that I want to buy for her.

　　18、正在看电视的女孩是Kate.

　　The girl who is watching TV is Kate.

　　19、她就是照顾这些孩子的护士.

　　She is the nurse that took care of these children.

　　20、我遇见了告诉我这个消息的史密斯先生.

　　I met Mr. Smith, who told me the news.

　　21、你认识我们在学校里遇见的老师吗?考试及答案

　　Do you know the teacher whom we met in the school?

　　22、她就是我们正在寻找的人.

　　She is the person we are looking for.

　　23、书包丢了的那个男孩叫Tom.

　　The boy is Tom who lost his bag.

　　The boy is tom whose bag was missing.

　　24、被叫到名字的男孩们站起来.

　　The boys whose names are called stand up please.

　　25、这就是你要的那本书。

　　This is the book you want.

　　26、那是我所见过的最大的地图.

　　This is the largest map that I have ever seen.

　　27、七八月份是天气很热的月份。

　　July and august are the months that are very hot.

　　28、它发生在我出生的那天。

　　It happened the day when I was born.

　　29、他昨天去了他曾经上过学的学校。

　　He went to the school where he used to studied.

　　30、你知道我们为什么早走吗?

　　Do you know the reason why we left early?

　　定语从句汉译英练习2

　　This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在从句中作语)

　　这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。

　　The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中宾语)

　　上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。

　　I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.

　　(whose在从句中作定语)

　　我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。

　　Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在从句子中作主语)

　　桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。

　　The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在从句中作宾语)

　　妈妈做的月饼很好吃。

　　The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.

　　住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。

　　The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

　　3年级的学生明天去爬山。

　　Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

　　你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。

　　This is the book (which) you are looking for.

　　这是那本你正在找的书。

　　There are some films (that) I’d like to see.

　　The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.

　　你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。

　　The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.

　　→ The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.

　　我借书的那个人是李雷。

　　The house (which) he lives in is quite large.

　　→ The house in which he lives is quite large.

　　他住的房子很大。

　　拓展阅读

　　复杂定语从句的汉译

　　所谓复杂的定语从句，是指一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。这类定语从句在结构上与先行词的关系比较复杂，有如下几种形式：

　　1.自由式定语从句

　　自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。如：

　　Thus the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medine to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.

　　人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团；伍麦叶王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。

　　该句中由which和that 引出两个定语从句，分别修饰做主语用的the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs

　　和作宾语用的 a parasitic clique，翻译时一个被译成并列句，一个被译成定语。

　　2.嵌套式定语从句

　　嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。因此，其翻译也与简单的定语从句相同。

　　3.并列式定语从句

　　并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。笔者刊登在《中国翻译》（96.1）上的《英语并列成分中定语从句的汉译》一文曾作过介绍。这里再补充一点，这类定语从句也可译成状语从句，即先把主句译出，再把定语从句译成两个表示并列或转折关系的状语从句。

　　This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.

　　这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。

　　4.一主二仆式定语从句

　　一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来，有如下几种情况：

　　1）译成定语可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。

　　... and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques,by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power

　　......古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的.行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。（并列的定语）

　　Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was lready known to man at the dawn of history.

　　近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。（分开的定语）

　　And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to theGreco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.

　　它有助于说明，为什么发源于中国的许多发明和希腊罗马人所知道的许多发明，只是在西欧人手中才得到全面发展和充分利用。（分开的定语修饰重复的先行词）

　　2）译成并列句可以把两个定语从句简单地译成一个并列句，也可以把它们译成两个分开的并列句，用来表示并列、转折或先后顺序等关系：

　　Consequently the manor was a self-sufficient vilage that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.

　　因而，采邑是靠农奴经营的自足自给予的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活教俗封建集团。（一个并列句）

　　Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society ... where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease is brought under control; and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities.

　　我们的目的是在加纳建立一个强大、进步的社会......在这里，贫困和文盲不再存在，疾病得到控制；在这里，我们的教育机构为加纳所有的孩子提供发展他们的潜力的最好机会。（两个并列句，表示并列关系）

　　This hope was nurtured by thegreat victories won by Genghis Khan"s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.

　　成吉思汗的孙子旭烈兀所取得的伟大胜利，助长了这一希望。旭烈兀是个佛教，而他的妻子是基督教。（两个并列句，表示转折关系）

　　3）其他译法这类定语从句除上述两种正规、固定的翻译方法外，还有其他几种比较灵活的译法。我们可以把翻译简单定语从句的方法融会贯通，运用其中，如译成定语+句子成分，即把一个从句译成定语，另一个从句译成句子成分；或译成并列句（或句子成分）+状语从句，即把一个从句译成并列句或句子成分，另一个从句译成状语从句等。

　　Even so the lisbon government admitted in MARCH THAt a major attack had been launched by guerrillas who were armed with mortars and automatic weapons and who inflilcted "many" Portuguese casualties.

　　即使如此，里斯本政府仍于1970年3月承认，配备迫击炮和自动武器的游击队已发动了一次大规模的进攻，使葡萄牙人蒙受"重大"伤亡。（定语+句子成分）

　　At one extreme are Hawii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.

　　处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，种族混合十分广泛，而且正在继续进行，因此，种族歧视较少。（并列句+状语从句）

　　He was also an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the "nationalist" Hungarian Communists.

　　他还是一位老牌的斯大林主义者，曾在两次世界大战之间的时期内在匈牙利监狱呆了16年，因而这时不愿与"民族主义的"匈牙利共产党人分享权力。（句子成分＋状语从句）

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