定语从句的先行词是人称时
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面是小编整理的定语从句的先行词是人称时,欢迎大家阅读学习。
定语从句先行词是人称时,连接词可以用that吗?
一般说来,在定语从句中,先行词指人时,关系代词通常用who/that引导;而当先行词指物时,关系代词通常用that/which引导。而用which指人的情况出现甚少。但在下列几种情况下,当先行词指人时,定语从句中的关系代词用which,而不用who。
现归纳如下:
一、当先行词强调个人的职业特征而非强调人时。
He is a professor,which commands our great admiration.他是个教授,教授是让我们极为钦佩的。
After graduating from university,he became a lawyer,which his relations wanted him to be.大学毕业后,他当了律师,这也是亲属们想要他从事的职业。
二、当先行词强调个人的性格特征时。
He is the man which he was.他还是象过去那个老样子。
Bonny is quite different from the girl which I thought her to be.邦妮完全不是我曾认为的那种女孩。
三、当先行词强调人物的身份、地位时。
They talked like a foreigner which they hardly were.他们说起话来像个外国人,而他们根本就不是。
Bill pretended to be a cleaner which helped him to escape from prison.比尔装成清洁工,这可帮他逃出了监狱。
四、当先行词指婴幼儿、小孩时。
My elder sister had a baby which was a girl yesterday.我姐姐昨天生了个女孩。 He made a face to the child which was in the mother's arm.他对抱在母亲怀中的婴儿做了个鬼脸。
五、当先行词是集体名词被看作一个整体时。
Yao Ming is very interested in American public which warmly supports him.姚明对热情支持他的美国民众很感兴趣。
I take great pride in the Western Chinese people which has a long history,a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition.我作为西部的中华民族感到骄傲自豪,这是个有悠久历史、灿烂文化和光荣革命传统的民族。
六、当先行词强调人的品德素养时。
Sun Nan is a successful singer which gets him high fame in China.孙楠是个成功的歌手,这使他在中国名声大震。
He is a gentleman which his little brother isn't.他很有绅士风度,他弟弟却没有。
定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
关系代词的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的`情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
Whats that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which,而不用that,例如:
Tom came back,which made us happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
关系副词的用法
1.when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2.where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
3.why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
好啦,关于定语从句,你学会了吗?
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