when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法

　　在日常过程学习中，看到知识点，都是先收藏再说吧！知识点就是一些常考的内容，或者考试经常出题的地方。哪些才是我们真正需要的知识点呢？下面是小编帮大家整理的when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法知识点，希望能够帮助到大家。

　　when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法

　　when/where/why引导的定语从句

　　when， where， why属于关系副词，都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语，其具体用法如下：

　　1.关系副词 when引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。

　　例如：

　　I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。

　　Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。

　　2. 关系副词where引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。

　　例如：

　　This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。

　　She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居，在那里她有几个密友。

　　3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。

　　例如： I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。

　　That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。

　　He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。

　　注意：

　　关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联，两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点：

　　很多情况下关系副词用“介词＋which/whom”来代替，其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定，

　　例如：

　　The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

　　The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

　　见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。

　　I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.

　　I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.

　　我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。

　　This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.

　　This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.

　　这是礼堂，医学会议将在此召开。

　　2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。

　　例如：

　　Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？

　　先行词the days表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that。

　　3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when， where， why，且that常可以省略，例如： This is the time （when/that） he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

　　考题

　　［考题1］ We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.

　　A. which B. that C. whose D. when

　　［答案］ D

　　［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。

　　［考题2］ The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.

　　A. until B. that C. when D. where

　　［答案］ C

　　［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。

　　［考题3］ It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

　　A. that B. while C. which D. when

　　［答案］ D

　　［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。

　　［考题4］ After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

　　A. which B. where C. that D. when

　　［答案］ B

　　［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。

　　［考题5］ We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.

　　A. what B. which C. where D. when

　　［答案］ C

　　［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。

　　［考题6］ I walked in our garden, ____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.

　　A. which B. when C. where D. that

　　［答案］ C

　　［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。

　　［考题7］ We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.

　　A. where B. that C. when D. which

　　［答案］ A

　　［解析］ point可以理解成地点、位置，其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此下划线处只能填入引导词where

　　拓展阅读

　　定语从句as的用法

　　一、用作连词的as

　　1. 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，其用法与when和while类似。例如：As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示从句与主句动作同时进行，意为“一边……一边……”，一般不与状态动词连用。例如：She sang songs as she did her homework.

　　as 还可以表示一动作紧接着另一动作发生，说明另一动作的结果，有“随着……”的含义。例如：As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.

　　例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.

　　A. since B. when C. as D. that

　　解析：本题的as中与when一起作为干扰项，容易使考生往时间状语从句上思考，事实上本题是强调句，正确选项是D。

　　2. 引导原因状语从句，表示“由于，因为”，相当于because, 但通常置于句首。例如： As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.

　　例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

　　A. While B. Since C. As D. If

　　解析：本题中as干扰性很强，很多考生误以为是原因状语从句，但仔细分析不难发现正确答案应是A(while表示“只要”)。

　　3. 引导让步状语从句，通常可与although或though通用，但语序不同，although或though用于句首，as用于倒装结构。例如：Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to follow. as 表示让步用于倒装结构，通常将从句的表语、状语或动词前置。如果表语有冠词a/an, 需去掉。例如：Great scholar as he is, he is lacking in common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.

　　A. SinceB. Unless C. As D. Although

　　解析：as 虽然有引导让步状语从句用法，但本题不是倒装结构，故正确答案应是D。

　　4. 引导方式状语从句，表示“如，像”。例如：When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.

　　例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.

　　A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up

　　解析：本题考查动词词组辨析，题干中的“as planned”给同学们提供了重要信息，答案选B。

　　5. 固定句型：“主句，as +be/do+主语”表示“也一样”。例如：She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.

　　二、用作介词的`as

　　1.表示“如，像”。例如：They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.

　　2.表示“作为、当作”。例如：As a League member, you should think more of others.

　　3.与某些动词搭配，表示“把……当作……”，如：look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as与famous或known搭配，表示“作为……而出名”。

　　例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.

　　A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known

　　解析：如果熟悉be known as这一短语，运用有关非谓语动词的常识，可选出正确答案B。

　　三、用作关系代词的as

　　1. 引导限制性定语从句，先行词前通常有as, so, such, same等修饰语。例如：He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此种用法中，同学们要注意与结果状语从句的区别。比如：A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it. B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句为结果状语从句，而B句则是定语从句。

　　2. 引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句(即先行句)，表示“这一事实，那一情况”。从句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如：We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.

　　例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

　　A. When B. After C. As D. Since

　　解析：根据句意，选项C是正确答案。as表现的正是本点所讲用法。

　　四、用作副词的as

　　修饰形容词或副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。例如：He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常构成表示比较的结构“asas”，“not asas”。此结构中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。否定结构中的副词as可以由so代替。asas possible /one can也属于此用法。例如：It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

　　五、用在习语中的as

　　由as构成的习语很多，常见的有：as soon as “一就”，引导时间状语从句;as/so long as “只要”引导条件状语从句;as if/though “好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句;as to/ as for “至于，就而言”;as much/many as“多达”;as/so far as “就的限度”;as a result，as a result of “(由于的)结果”;as a matter of fact“事实上”;as well “也、还”;A as well as B“不但A而且B”;as it is“照现状看，看样子”，等等。这些习语在高考中可能经常遇到，在高考题中有的作为正确选项，有的作为干扰项，有的出现在题干，值得同学们认真掌握。例如：

　　例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.

　　A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 解析：选项D极具干扰意义，但进一步研读会发现本题中的两个分句表达了一件事的两个对立面，故选B。

　　例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. ——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.

　　A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine

　　解析：本题选项中虽没有as内容，但题干中的as it is却是解题的关键信息，正确选项为B。

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