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英语定语从句的引导词
英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了定语从句英语解析,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。
英语定语从句的引导词怎样确定
1、定语从句如果修饰人
常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用whom或that, 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是,如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose。例如:
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗?
whose的先行词也可是物。
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2、定语从句如果修饰“物”
用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。
It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
3、定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时,用关系副词when。
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
4、定语从句修饰地点名词时,用关系副词where。
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
5、定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时,用关系副词why。
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
标记定语从句引导词where
一、Where引导定语从句—形容词性从句
当where 引导定语从句时,Where前有表示地点的先行词,where 引导的从句修饰先行词,Where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语。例如:
1.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .(2001年上海)
评析:situation 是先行词,其后是Where引导的定语从句。
2.This is the place where Luxun once lived .
评析: the place 是先行词,其后是 where引导的定语从句 ,where 在从句中作地点状语。
二、Where引导状语从句—副词性从句
当Where引导状语从句时,Where前没有表示地点的先行词,Where是从属连词,Where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词。例如:
3.The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季高考上海)
评析:句中“the famous scientist grew up "这一部分是该句的主句,Where到句子最后是地点状语从句,where前没有表示地点的先行词.
4.She found her passport where she lost it .
评析:"passport"是主句 found 后的宾语,它并不是从句中lost的地点,因此 where 引导的是地点状语从句,从属连词where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词 found 。
三、where 引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句———名词性从句
where引导的名词性从句,意思接近the place where ,可译为:“……的地方”,where是疑问副词。例如:
5. This is where Luxun once lived. (where 引导表语从句)
评析:此句与第2句意思一样,即:这是鲁迅曾经住的地方。但语法 功能不一样,第2句中,where 前有先行词 the place, the place在主句中作表语,而第5句中,where 引导的表语从句前没有名词,从语法 功能看,where 引导从句的位置是表语位置,where 在表语从句中作地点状语。
6.I dont know where Luxun once lived .(where 引导宾语从句)
评析:此句where 引导的是动词know的宾语从句。Where引导的从句
7.She was free to go to where she liked and do what she liked . (where 引导宾语从句)
评析:此句中,where 引导的从句作介词的宾语,意思接近 the place where。
8.We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spendour summer vacation. (where 引导同位语从句)
评析:本句中疑问副词where 引导的从句,与其前面的名词the question 是同位关系,the question 的具体内容就是where 引导的从句,因此,where 引导的是同位语从句。
9.Where Mary was born is Beijing . (where 引导主语从句)
评析:本句中疑问副词where 引导的从句,放在主句主语的位置,因此这里where 引导的从句是主语从句。译:玛利出身的地方是北京。
巩固练习:翻译下列句子。
1.有志者事竟成。(Where引导状语从句)
2.那是我父亲工作的大楼。(Where引导定语从句)
3.司机问我想上哪儿去。(where 引导宾语从句)
4.书在你原来放的地方。(where 引导表语从句)
5.她回到她妈妈坐的地方。((where 引导介词 to 的宾语从句))
6.请呆在原处。(Where引导状语从句)
Keys:
1.Where there is a will, there is a way.
2.That is the building where my father worked.
3.The driver asked me where I wanted to go.
4.The book is where you left it.
5.She came back to where her mother was sitting.
6.Please stay where you are.
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