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英语that定语从句

时间:2021-07-06 17:02:17 英语 我要投稿

英语that定语从句

  引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who (指人)。指人时可用that或who;指物时可用that或which;但有时只能用that,不能用which。

英语that定语从句

  英语that定语从句常见的情况有下列五种:

  1)当先行词是:all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。例如:

  Is thereanythingthat I can do for you?

  有什么可以为你做的吗?

  Allthat can be done must be done.

  凡是能做的都必须做。

  2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:

  That is one ofthe most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop.

  那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

  The firstthing that we should do is to get some food.

  我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

  3)当先行词有:the only , the very , the same , the last等修饰时。例如:

  My necklace is notthe onlything that's missing.

  我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。

  4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which或who。例如:

  Who is the girlthat is wearing a red coat?

  正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?

  5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。例如:

  The writer and his novelthat you have just talked about are really well known.

  你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

  解剖:要搞清这个问题,我们首先要明白这样一个规定:which用来指代具体的,特定的物,或者说明晰的物,而who用来指具体的人,特定的人,或者说明晰的人。那么上帝当初把that创造出来,还有一个目的,就是要用它来指代非特定的,非具体的,非同一的,模糊的,泛指的人或物,或人和物的混合。还有一个问题是,上帝创造英语时,同样也要考虑到的。那就是,英语作为这个物质世界的一个存在,如同人类这个物质存在一样,也要讲究美,没有理由的“重复”肯定不是美的(当然也会讲究简洁等,所认我们学英语一定要把“英语”当作“人”一样来对待,因为在上帝眼中,英语与人同样是他的子民。哈哈,题外话说得太多了,这个大问题留待以后再讲)。

  一、1---3种情况所表示人或物均不是特定的,即是泛指的,所以只能用that.

  二、第4种情况,如果用who或which会导致从复。

  三、第5种情况,先行词里既有人又有物,如果用who,完成了指人,但是把物漏掉了,反之亦然,这显然不行,所以那就只能用that了。

  只能用that的几种情况:

  1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。

  如:We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。

  Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。

  2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。

  如:You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。

  There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。

  3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。

  如:When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候,我首先 想到的是北京。

  This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的`第四部电影。

  4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

  如:The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。

  This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。

  5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。

  如: This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。

  The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。

  注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。

  如:I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。

  6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。

  如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。

  7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。

  如:Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?

  Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪个是离地球比较近的星星?

  8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。

  如:That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。

  Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。

  9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。

  如:I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。

  I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。

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