定语从句和表语从句区别
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定语从句和表语从句区别 篇1
定语从句
一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。[1]被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。
定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
定义
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的.包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例 如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句，在非正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要 求用关系代词。例如：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，应选择关系代词；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选 择关系副词。
例如：（对）Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
（对）Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
从句结构
定语从句公式
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词
指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词
关系词常有3个作用：
①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
注：关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语(whom作宾语时可省略），whose作为定语（whose不可省略）。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语（where），时间状语（when），原因状语（why）。[1]
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词表示的）汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如“the girl”，“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩。
这就是一个定语从句。
表语从句
表语从句（Predicative Clause）就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语。
表语成分
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
二、代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少？
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁？
三、形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老，但他很健康。
四、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
五、不定式作表语
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
定语从句和表语从句区别 篇2
表语从句紧跟在联系动词之后;而定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后;另外,两种从句的功能也大不相同,表语从句是对主语的描述,解释或者身份的说明;而定语从句是对先行词的修饰或者限制.
区别：定语从句所修饰的是名词，表语从句是接在系动词后面的做表语的成分，比如形容词
例如:
That is why he was late for class that day.（表语从句）
That is the reason why he was late for class that day.（定语从句）
The reason why he was late for class that day was that there was a traffic jam on his way.（此句中why引导的是定语从句,修饰the reason;而 that是表语从句.
【表语从句练习】
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get
C. who we can get D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
答案： DBACC
【定语从句练习】
1. Mary lives in the room, the door _____ opens east.
A. of it B. of which C. of that D. whose
2. The engineer _____ my father is talking has just come from abroad.
A. with whom B. with who C. with which D. that
3. He lives in a hotel, _____ is only five minutes’ walk from here.
A. that B. which C. in which D. where
4. Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
. A. which B. who C. as D. that
5. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
答案：1-5 BABDB
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