定语从句做主语

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　　定语从句做主语篇1

　　定语从句修饰主语时放在主语的后面，修饰宾语时则放在宾语的后面。

　　一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，这个句子就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。

　　被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

　　一、关系代词引导的定语从句

　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

　　1）who, whom, that

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　　2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which the) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　3）which, that

　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）

　　The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）

　　二、关系副词引导的定语从句

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　1）when, where, why

　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮忙的理由吗？

　　2）that代替关系副词

　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在得正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），例如：

　　His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

　　判断关系代词与关系副词

　　方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词。例如：

　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

　　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

　　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

　　（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

　　方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词和关系副词，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，应选择关系代词；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词。

　　例如：（对）Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?

　　（对）Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?

　　定语从句做主语篇2

　　一、在定语从句中as可以做主语吗

　　可以，特别是非限定性定语从句。

　　1,as 能放在定语从句句首

　　2.as和固定用法搭配：as you know.

　　如例句：

　　（1）As is known to all, China is a developing country.

　　(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

　　(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

　　二、定语从句中as的用法

　　引导状语从句的连词as可以用作关系代词，引导定语从句，因而被称作准关系代词。

　　1.准关系代词as引导限制定语从句，用于以下3个结构中，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语：

　　a.so / such…as

　　Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语)

　　I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表语)

　　Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.

　　b.the same…as

　　Modern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作宾语)

　　I like the same book as you do. (as 作宾语)

　　c.as…as

　　As many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主语)

　　He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主语)

　　补充：

　　a.such…as 与 such…that的区别

　　such…as 引导定语从句；such…that引导结果状语从句。

　　They talked in such simple English as children could understand.

　　他们用孩子们能听懂的'简单的英语交谈。

　　They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.

　　他们用十分简单的英语交谈，连孩子们都能听懂。

　　I will provide you with such things as you may need.

　　我要供给你一些你可以用得着的东西。

　　He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.

　　他如此用力地关门，结果玻璃碎了。

　　b.the same…as与the same…that的区别：

　　the same…as指两物相似，the same..描述的是同一物。

　　This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

　　这个书包和我昨天丢失的（书包）相似。（相似物）

　　This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.

　　这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。（同一物）

　　2.准关系代词as引导非限制定语从句。

　　a.as引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主语或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词)，可以放在主句前，后或中间，在从句中作主语或宾语、例如：

　　As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)

　　He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)

　　As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句首)

　　Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)

　　常用的这类句式有：

　　as is said above 综上所述 - as is known to all 众所周知

　　as is often the case 通常如此 - as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报导的

　　b.主句具有否定意义，as引导的定语从句位于主句之后时，as指代得主句不包括否定意义，并可用but取代。例如：

　　Whales are now fish, as some people think / but some people think they are.

　　I am no orator, as Brutus is.我不善言词,而勃鲁特斯却是个雄辩家.

　　Spiders are notinsects,as many people think, nor even near1y related to them.

　　蜘蛛不是昆虫,尽管许多人认为它是昆虫,它甚至与昆虫几乎没有关系.

　　但as引导的定语从句谓语主句前时，as指代的主句仍包括否定意义。

　　As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

　　正如前面所说的，语法不是一套死条纹。

　　3.在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：

　　a.which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。

　　b.用能做关系代词，as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。

　　He is a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”)

　　He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like. (which指代一个句子，没有“正如”、“就像”)

　　c.当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于联系动词的seem, become等时，可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。

　　4.as 可用作连词，引导状语从句，构成省略形式“as + 过去分词”这一特殊结构，译成汉语时作用如定语。例如：

　　The bridge as shown in the picture is really wonderful. (as shown = as it is shown 可译为“图中的桥”)

　　See the answers as given at the end of this book. (as given = as it is shown 可译为“书后给出的答案”)

　　English as spoken is Australia is slightly different from British English.

　　(as spoken = as it is spoken 可译为“在澳大利亚讲得英语”)

　　请看下列的“as + 过去分词”结构用于修饰前面的名词：

　　The study as described in the article… 如文章中描述的那种学习

　　The program as conducted by… 由…指挥的（指导的）节目

　　The art as applied to medicine… 应用于医学的艺术

　　The products as seen on TV…电视上看到得产品

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