怎样讲定语从句
怎样讲定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 Who which that
主语 Whom which that
宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1:This is the detective who came from London.
例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
2.关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:
(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
3. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
4. which作宾语:,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的`介词不能丢
5. 代表物时多用which:但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
6. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人:分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
7. where是关系副词:用来表示地点的定语从句
8. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
9. whose是关系代词:修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
10. 当从句的逻辑主语:some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
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