初中语法之定语从句

　　一、基本知识精讲

　　被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词(分为关系代词和关系副词)。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。如：先行词关系词定语从句一、由关系代词引导的定语从句

　　英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that 和as。

　　它们的用法如下：

　　1. who，whom的用法

　　who 和 whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。 The young worker who invented this tool is her brother.

　　This is the boy (whom) I helped.

　　2. which的用法

　　which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：

　　The factory which produces these cars is very large.

　　This is the book (which) you want.

　　3. whose 的用法

　　whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Whose有时可用of which替换。如：

　　Do you live in the room whose window opens to the west?

　　This is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class.

　　4. that的用法

　　that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。如： There were once six blind men that/ who lived in a village in India.

　　Wheat is a plant that/ which is grown in the north of China.

　　用which不用that的情况

　　1.在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　　2.先行词指物，且介词后

　　We depend on the land

　　We depend on the land .

　　3.先行词本身是that时

　　I don’t he did.

　　二、关系副词引导的`定语从句

　　英语中的关系副词有when，where，why等。在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。

　　1. when的用法

　　when指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ in/ on which。如：

　　How can I forget the day when (=on which) I joined the Youth League?

　　I thought of the days when (=in which ) we studied together.

　　He came at a time when the students needed him.

　　2. where的用法

　　where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/ on/ at which。如：

　　This is the farm where (=on which) my grandfather once worked.

　　That is the place where (=in which) we lived two years ago.

　　3. why的用法

　　why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。如：

　　I don’t know the reason why (=for which) you get so angry with me.

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