which引导定语从句用法
which引导定语从句用法:
关系代词which引导的定语从句， 指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。多数情况下，可与that互换。但是要注意当从句中，介词提前只能用which，而且，在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的句子单独翻译为一句话。
(1)“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders。”
考点：board董事会，be responsible for代表， on behalf of代表(注意在写作中的应用)，shareholder股东
解析：这个句子难度为低级，划横线部分为主句只有一个难点就是which的先行词是谁，是句子还是前面的一个名词，很显然，这个句子中是指市场价值，而不是这种能力。
翻译：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。
难点总结：介词短语，which的先行词，非限制性定语从句一般翻译为一个单句。
(2)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。
考点：multi-media 传媒集团(最好不要翻译为多媒体集团)， bring together 组织，集合，work in relation to one another 彼此协作，publishing houses出版社
解析：此句难度为高级，划线部分为主句， 冒号后是主句的同位语，由which引导的定语从句来修饰groups，句尾还有that引导的定语从句来修饰television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。As在这个句子中是副词，修饰副词elsewhere,翻译为“就像在其他地方一样”。
翻译：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互之间有紧密联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。
难点总结：确认关系代词which，that的先行词(记得当先行词是两个或者两个以上的人或者物时，关系代词要用that。)，as的用法。
(3)Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。
考点：take into account考虑(注意要用在写作中，尤其是建议信中例如：You need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)
解析：这个句子难度为低级。Which在此指代的是a correct baseline。
翻译：麦尔斯博士和沃姆博士指出，他们的工作确定了一个准确的底线，未来的'管理必须将其考虑进去。
难点总结：确定which的先行词。
(4)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。
考点：semiconductor半导体，casualty伤亡，
解析：这个句子难度为高级，这个句子是主句里套从句，从句里又套从句的结构，所以分清楚主句特别重要，主句为划线部分，其中as though 引导一个方式状语从句，这个从句中又有一个由which(先行词为the making of semiconductors)引导的非限制性定语从句。
翻译：曾有一段时间，似乎半导体制造业是另一个将要覆没的产业，要知道半导体正是美国人所发明，它在计算机新时代起着核心作用。
难点总结：注意句子结构。注意各个连词的指代和意义。
相关考题及解析
〔考题1〕 You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre， ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）
A. that B. where C. what D. which
〔答案〕 D
〔解析〕 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰the shopping centre， 应选用D选项中的关系代词which， which在该定语从句中充当主语。
〔考题2〕 York， ____ last year， is a nice old city. （2003北京）
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
〔答案〕 B
〔解析〕 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰York， 在定语从句中充当及物动词visit的宾语， 应选用B选项中的关系代词which.
〔考题3〕 He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （1990）
A. these B. those C. that D. which
〔答案〕 D
〔解析〕 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰windows， 在定语从句中充当介词of的宾语， 应选用D选项中的关系代词which.
〔考题4〕 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江苏）
A. who B. that C. as D. which
〔答案〕 D
〔解析〕 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”所表示的情况， 应选用C选项中的关系代词which， 在该定语从句中充当主语。
〔考题5〕 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ____， of course， made the others unhappy. （2000）
A. who B. which C. this D. what
〔答案〕 B
〔解析〕 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play”所表示的情况， 应选用B选项中的关系代词which， 在该定语从句中充当主语。
〔考题6〕 The result of the experiment was very good， ____ we hadn’t expected. （2000北京、 安徽春）
A. when B. that C. which D. what
〔答案〕 C
〔解析〕 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“the result of the experiment was very good”所表示的情况， 应选用C选项中的关系代词which， 在该定语从句中充当及物动词expect的宾语。
〔考题7〕 The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
〔答案〕 C
〔解析〕 表示“在英语剧中”应用介词in， 因此在修饰先行词play的限定性定语从句中也应用介词in与指代先行词play的关系代词which连用， 本题只能选C.注意： 本题中which充当置于定语从句中最前面的介词in的宾语（in which在整个定语从句中充当状语）。
〔考题8〕 I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was， she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. （2006重庆）
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
〔答案〕 D
〔解析〕 表示“从他来的方向跑回去”， 应选用介词from.下划线处是引导修饰direction的定语从句。
〔考题9〕 Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南）
A. that B. in which C.by which D.how
〔答案〕 B
〔解析〕 题干句意为： Frank的梦想是拥有一家可以生产自己的手工制品的商店。in which相当于in the shop的含义， 最适合引导定语从句。
〔考题10〕 I was given three books on cooking， the first ____ I really enjoyed. （2006浙江）
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
〔答案〕 B
〔解析〕 of which表示the first of three books的含义， 介词of不可以省略， that不可以紧跟介词后引导定语从句， 因此应选B.
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