限定性定语从句用法
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。下面是小编收集整理的限定性定语从句用法,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
限定性定语从句用法1
在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which
(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
在限定性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时,关系代词可省略。
(1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在读的书很有趣。
(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法区别:
一、 句法的功能、表现形式不同
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定语从句)
English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)
二、 先行词不尽相同
限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如:
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三、 关系词的使用情况有所不同
1. that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。如:
Her father gave her a computer for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非限制性定语从句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.
3. 关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.
4. 关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
四、 下列情形用非限制性定语从句
1. 当“不定数量词 (如some, several) / 数词 + of which / whom”表示“整体 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.
2. 当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
限定性定语从句用法2
(一)限定性定语从句that的用法
that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词,which在从句中作宾语可以省略。[eg:this is the book which you want。]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置。
(二)非限定性定语从句的用法
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislikes it.
我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,whom代表人,用which代表事物.
“限定和非限定”性定语从句的区别
1、限定性定语从句:
不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整
非限定性定语从句:
可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整
2、限定性定语从句: 可以用that 引导
非限定性定语从句: 不可以用that 引导
3、限定性定语从句: 关联词有时可以省略
非限定性定语从句:关联词不可以省略
4、限定性定语从句:不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开
非限定性定语从句:用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开
5、限定性定语从句: 只能修饰先行词
非限定性定语从句:可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分
这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:
限定性定语从句与主句的'关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如:
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。例如:Earlier,the Babylonians had attempted to map the world,but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere,which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites,which transmit information,computers,which store information,and television,which displays information,will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:
The combination of satellites,computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son,who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子"。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。
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