高一英语定语从句
定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构;它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。以下是小编整理的高一英语定语从句，希望对大家有所帮助。
而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语;或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：
1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack
三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：
signs是：被修饰的名词;
that是：关系词;
that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句
2)those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：
those是：被修饰的名词;
who是：关系词;
who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：
被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)
要点提示：
1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .
他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations
people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。 又例如：
Rude people are those (先行词) whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect
for the rules(先行词) that(关系词) the majority follows .
不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。)
2)"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法的功能而决定的。
这个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法的功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如：
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.
我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .
有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：
tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )
告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
(一) 关系词
从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词;没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1)关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语;在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .
我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .
whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用;但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：
Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?
刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁?
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .
昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。
(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)
Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? (错误)
(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)
whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗?
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。
which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：
Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .
我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。
that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词;在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：
Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。
Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? (错误)
要点提示：
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：
This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .
这就是你昨天找的那本书。
I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .
我不喜欢你看的这本小说。
Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ?
你们谈论的那个人是谁?
定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .
(先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。)请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .
(先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent) 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
关系代词that 和which的区别
that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：
-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：
Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .
任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。
There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。
They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。
-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .
我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。
然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：
-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：
The world in which we live is made of matter .
我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
The world that we live in is made of matter.
(正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。)
我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
The world in that we live is made of matter.
(错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。)
-- 在非限定性定语从句(关于这一点随后就要讲解)中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .
太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。
-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 (常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中)
Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .
你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。
People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .
你描述的这种人现在很少见了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has .
这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。
非限定性定语从句 (as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实;并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。)
As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。
They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.
可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。
Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。
2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。
when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：
People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .
人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。
He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。
We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。
where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。
He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。
That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .
那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。
why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .
他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。
The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .
她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。
They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .
他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。
介词+关系代词
在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ;关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：
A)动词与介词的搭配B)名词与介词的搭配C)形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：
A)动词与介词的搭配
He has found a good job for which he is qualified .( qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" )他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . ( talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ) 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" )
他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。
B)名词与介词的搭配
They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . ( in the house "在屋子里" )
他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。
We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。
She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .( to extend "到某种程度" ) 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。
C)形容词与介词的搭配
The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")
老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。
I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.( eager for "渴望得到…" ) 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。
He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。
2)定语从句的种类
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的.信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
知识过关
1 Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?
1)A. which B. that C. when D. where 2)A. where B. that C. which D. what
2 I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
3 She was not the woman _________ she was before.
A. what B. that C. who D. as
4 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________ they could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. from whom
5 A paper plant is __________ paper is made.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
6 They stayed with me for three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
7. ---- How do you like the cake? ---- It’s quite different from _________ I had last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
8. The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops.
A. which B. from which C. from it D. from that
9. In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place.
A. when B. that C. which D. from which
10. Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt. A. that worked on the project
B. he worked on the project C. who worked on the project D. whom worked on the project
11. The retiring teacher made a speech _________ she thanked the class for the gift.
A. which B. of which C. in which D. that
12. He has to work on Sundays, __________ he does not like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
13.Which of the two cows ______________you keep produces more milk?
A. that B. which C. whom D. when
14. He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least year. A. these B. those C. that D. of which
15. The boys, ___________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.
A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them
16. Rabbits make their homes in fields _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.
A. can where they B. where they can C. where can they D. where can
17. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
18. Who is that comrade _______ was there? A. whom B. that C. which D. whose
19. This is Mr Smith, __________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
19)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 20)A. what B. that C. who D. which
20. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy.
仿真训练
1 She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, ___________ I found quite strange.
1)A. which B. that C. what D. when 2)A. in which B. at which C. of which D. from which
2 China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is Tai wan.
3 We came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before.
3)A. to where B. to which C. that D. which 4)A. since B. which C. that D. when
4 It was twelve o’clock ______they finished the work. 5)A. whom B. whoC. when D. because
5 He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
6 Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where
7 It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where
8 Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that
9 There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.
A. whose B. that C. which D. in which
10 ---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road? ---- Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others.
A. it; that; who B. which; that; that C. it; who; that D. who; which; that
11 His sister has become a teacher, ___was what she wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which
12 In the open boat, the four men, _________ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea.
A. one of which B. one of who C. one of whom D. one of them
13. His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. from which C. with which D. without which
14. The look, the cover ________ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which
15 The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired.
A. what B. which C. that D. all that
16 (1995 上海) In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30 p.m.,__________ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
17. Not only _________ the car he __________ been sold by his son for gambling debts, but also his new house. A. /; has B. has; had C. has; has D. was ; has
18. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast.
A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved
19. The high building ______ is a big hotel.
A. we are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking at
20. The baby _________is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good care
C. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking good care of
21 (2001) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
1)A. until B. that C. when D. where 2)A. It B. As C. That D. What
22 2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
23 (1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
24 (1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
25 (1998) He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B.which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
26 (1999) --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off? A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where
27 (1992) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
28 (1997上海) All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest .
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
29. (1999) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. 30(1993上海)
I don’t like __________ you speak to her. 29)A. it B. that C. when D. which
A. the way B. the in that C. the way which D. the way of which
定语从句基本概念
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，as 等。
关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
关系代词的用法
1. that
that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2. which
which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who， whom
who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English isfromEngland.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语)
4. as
① 引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中，例如：
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.
上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。
② 引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”例如：
The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.
As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.
The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun
③ 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：
a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。
b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。
c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。
注意
1. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell mefromwhom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2. 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
3. 关系词只能用that的情况：
① 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
② 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
③ 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意： 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attendthe meeting.
王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。
④ 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
⑤ 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
⑥ 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
4. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
①先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
③引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
关系副词的用法
1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)
2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is the place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)
3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)
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