关系副词从句的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语,关系副词引导的定语从句。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的.出生地。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
定语从句中怎么判断用关系代词还是关系副词?
基本方法如下:
先把主句和定语从句分开,再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词(即先行词),然后放入定语从句中,看看这两者的搭配情况.
1)如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连,且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话,则用关系代词.
因为关系代词也属于代词,而代词功能同名词,在句子中一般充当语/宾语/表语.
如:This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.
定语从句所修饰的先行词是the city,放入定语从句you visited last year中,则它直接充当visited的宾语,变成:you visited the city last year.
2)如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连,必须另外多加上介词,并在定语从句中充当状语时,则使用关系副词.
如:This is the city where you stayed last year.
定语从句所修饰的先行词也是the city,将其放入定语从句中不能直接作成分,必须加上介词in,一起做从句的地点状语,即定语从句变为:you stayed in the city last year.
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