定语从句五种句式

定语从句五种句式

　　定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。下面是小编给大家整理的定语从句五种句式的相关内容，希望能给你带来帮助！

　　一、 限定性定语从句

　　1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

　　2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

　　3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

　　4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

　　5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

　　6. when引导定语从句表示时间

　　［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

　　I still remember the first time I met her.

　　Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

　　7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

　　8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

　　二、非限定性定语从句：

　　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

　　1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

　　2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

　　Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

　　I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

　　We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

　　3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

　　4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.

　　一.定语从句及相关术语

　　1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

　　关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

　　关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

　　二.关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1.who指人，在从句中做主语

　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

　　(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　　whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

　　(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

　　(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　　三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　　(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

　　(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

　　注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

　　(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

　　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

　　四．关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.

　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

　　五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

　　形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开

　　意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整

　　译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句

　　关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B。可用that

　　C．可用who代替whom A．不可省B。不用that

　　C。不用who代替whom

　　限制性定语从句举例：

　　(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

　　(2) China is a country which has a long history.

　　非限制性定语从句举例：

　　(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

　　(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

　　要注意区分以下几个句子的不同:

　　(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

　　他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

　　(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

　　他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

　　难点分析:

　　（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

　　1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

　　(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

　　(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

　　(3) All that can be done has been done.

　　(4) There is little that I can do for you.

　　注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

　　(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.

　　2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

　　(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

　　3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

　　(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

　　4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

　　(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

　　(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

　　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

　　(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

　　5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

　　(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

　　(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

　　6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

　　(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

　　（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

　　as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

　　1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

　　(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

　　(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

　　2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

　　(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

　　(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

　　(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

　　(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe.

　　注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

　　(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

　　3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

　　(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

　　(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

　　(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

　　注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

　　(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

　　(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

　　（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

　　(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

　　(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

　　(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )

　　(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

　　1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

　　(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句

　　(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句

　　2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

　　(1) The news he told me is true.

　　(2) The news that he has just died is true.

　　(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语

　　(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

　　3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

　　(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位语

　　(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

　　(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

　　(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

　　拓展：

　　一、定语从句的有关概念

　　所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。

　　先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的`，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

　　那什么是关系词呢？其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

　　二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系

　　为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。

　　根据关系词在定语从句中的'作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。

　　类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。

　　许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。

　　I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。

　　这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价，换句话说，上面这个句子与下面这个句子等价：I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人，它就住在隔壁。

　　She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。

　　句中的the day为先行词，when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句；在定语从句中，when是关系词，它在定语从句中用作状语，从意义上说，它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价，也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价：She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天，在这一天她结婚了。

　　例句：

　　1. This is an old computer which hat works much slower.

　　2. They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the wine I had.

　　3. The picture (that) we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.

　　4. The picture at which we are looking was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.

　　5. I have many students to whom I am going to send postcards.

　　6. You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.

　　7. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

　　8. The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.

　　9. Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

　　10. Let's meet at the same place as we did yesterday.

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