由as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句有哪些特点?一起来看看!
由as引导的定语从句
as作关系代词时,引导定语从句在从句中充当主语、宾语、介词宾语或表语,既可以指人,也可以指物。
(1)as引导定语从句时,有如下结构:“the same …as”,“such …as”, “as…as”“so many (much, few, little)…as”,译作“像……一样的人(或物)”。例如:
This is such an easy novel as you can read.
这本小说很容易,你能读得懂。
They have never read so many books as I read last year.
他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
(2)as单独引导定语从句时,修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,可以放在句首、句中或句末。当as在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语通常是被动语态或系表结构;as在从句中作宾语时,从句的谓语常用“情态动词+动词原形”构成。常见的结构如下:
as is known to all 众所周知
as has been said above 如上所述
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as has been pointed out 正如指出的那样
as we all can see (know, hear)正如大家看到的.(知道的、听到的)那样。例如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知,月球每个月绕地球转一周。
as引导的六种从句
一、as引导定语从句
as引导定语从句时,既可以引导限定性定语从句,又可以引导非限定性定语从句。区分as引导定语从句和其它从句的关键特征是:as引导定语从句时在从句中做成分,通常做主语或宾语。
1、as引导限定性定语从句。
如从句所修饰的名词前有such、the same、as出现,后面的定语从句将由as引导,形成such...as,the same...as,as…as这样的固定结构,译为“和……一样”。
例1:I never heard such stories as he told.
我从未听过他所讲的那样的故事。
例2:He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book.
他将重复书中讨论过的问题。
例3:They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.
他们犯了和其他人在这种场合下会犯的同样错误。
2、as引导非限定性定语从句。
as引导非限定性定语从句,往往指代一整句话,通常表示“正如”的意思。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置相对比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间。
例:As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
众所周知,月亮绕着地球转。
二、as引导时间状语从句
as引导时间状语从句多用于口语,强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”,有时还有“随着”的含义。
例1:As I was going out, it began to rain.
当我出门时,开始下雨了。(as强调两个动作紧接着发生,不强调下雨的特定时间。)
例2:As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
随着时间的推移,他会理解我所讲的话。
三、as引导原因状语从句
as表示“因为”,与because相比,较口语化,所表达的原因语气较弱,所表的原因比较明显,或是已知的事实。
例1:As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因为天气太糟糕,我们不得不推迟旅行。
例2:Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.
任何新型能源都将大受欢迎,因为石油已经出现短缺。
四、as引导方式状语从句
as表示“按照”,“以……方式”,“像……一样”,“正如”。
例:Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗
注:as在引导方式状语从句时,还常出现在一个固定的类比结构中:(just) as …, so…。这一句型表示类比,基本含义是“正如……,所以……”。
例:Just as virtue is its own reward, so is vice its own punishment.
善有善报,恶有恶报。
五、as引导让步状语从句
as可以表示“尽管”,“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,但必须构成倒装。让步状语从句倒装规则有两类:
1、 形容词/副词/分词/名词(无冠词)/介词短语等+as+主语+谓语动词,主句。
例1:Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.
我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。
例2:Child as he is, he knows to help others.
尽管他是个孩子,他懂得帮
助别人。
2、动词原形+as+主语+助动词(may/might, will/would, can/could, do/does/did),主句。
例:Try as we may, we cannot sense directly the television signal sent out from the broadcast station.
尽管我们费了很大的劲,也无法直接觉察发射台发出的电视信号。
六、as引导比较状语从句
as引导比较状语从句,其基本结构是as…as。前一个as是副词,后一个as是比较状语从句的连词。否定结构为not so much … as …。
例1:Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.
尽管蚂蚁很小,但是它同地球上的任何其他动物一样,也是一种动物。
例2:It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.
与其说是他受到了许多打击,还不如说是缺乏斗志使他输掉了比赛。
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