介词引导的定语从句语法

　　1、在“介词+which/whom”结构中，关系代词用which 还是用whom，取决于它前面的先行词是物还是人。先行词是物，用which；若为人，就用whom。如：

　　(1) Nearby were two ships in which they had come to the island.

　　(2) I can’t remember the name of the person to whom I gave the money.

　　2、这一结构用什么介词取决于先行词的意义和定语从句中谓语动词结构及“介词+which/whom” 在句中的作用。

　　(1) This is the room in which we lived last year.

　　(2) There were three people from whom we attempted to find out information.

　　3、因为含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的'后面。此种情况下关系代词可用which, that, who, whom，或将他们省略。

　　(1) Is this the book (which/that ) she was looking for?

　　(2) The babies (whom /who/that) the nurse are looking after are very healthy.

　　4、表示地点、时间和原因含义的“ 介词+which”结构可分别用关系副词where, when和why替换。

　　(1) The earth on which /where we live is a planet.

　　(2) I’ll never forget the day on which /when I joined the League.

　　(3) Is there any reason for which /why you should have a holiday?

　　5、Of which可以代替whose 用来指物，其词序一般为“名词+ of which”

　　(1) They live in a house whose door/the door of which opens to the north.

　　(2) He has written a book whose name /the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.

　　6、“复杂介词 in front of, at the back of, on the top of, in the middle of 等+ which”结构可引导非限制性定语从句。

　　(1) He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river.

　　(2) In the evening we arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple.

　　7、“介词+which/whom”结构中的which和 whom不能替换为that，因为that不能做介词宾语。如果用that，介词必须反复到从句有关动词的后面去。

　　(1) The room that/which he lives in is a small one.

　　(2) The room in which he lives is a small one.

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