限定性定语从句讲解

　　限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。下面是小编为大家推荐限定性定语从句的内容，希望能够帮助到你，欢迎大家的阅读参考。

　　关系代词

　　⒈ that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词，which在从句中作宾语可以省略。[eg：this is the book which you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

　　⒉ which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢（eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=====I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.)

　　⒊ 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时，都只能用that

　　⒋ who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的`宾语也可以作介词的宾语

　　关系副词

　　关系副词=介词+关系代词

　　why=for which

　　where=in/ at/ on/ ... which （介词同先行词搭配)

　　when=during/ on/ in/ ... which （介词同先行词搭配）

　　whose=of which/ whom

　　⒈ where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

　　⒉ when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

　　By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc.

　　⒊ whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样.

　　⒋ 当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

　　There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

　　练习题

　　1. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales A. which B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.

　　A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 3. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when

　　C. to whom

　　D. on which 4. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. whose

　　D. what

　　5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. who

　　6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ______ uses it somewhat

　　differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 7. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

　　A. what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　【解析】

　　1. D。“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。

　　2. D。process意为“过程”；分析从句结构，从句为完整的被动结构，in which(the process)作从句的状语。

　　3. B。when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。

　　4. C。句意：该奖项将会颁发给其作品最具有想象力的作者。先行词为the writer, 代入定语从句后为：The writer’s story shows the most imagination.，由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作story的定语，故答案为C项。

　　5. A。句意：她具有给学生营造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入从句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以需用关系代词which，故正确答案为A项。

　　6. A。句意：英语是一种被几种不同文化共有的语言，每种文化使用英语多少有些不同。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为cultures，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Each of the cultures uses it somewhat differently，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且of被提前，故答案为A项。what不能引导定语从句，故被排除；如选C项，需在each of前加并列连词。

　　7. B。句意：那些不是很活跃，或者饮食中热量太高的孩子会很快长胖。先行词为children。 or连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的关系词为who，第二个关系词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：children’s diet，故选择B项。

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