who引导的定语从句
定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。下面小编为大家整理了关于who引导的定语从句的知识点!
一、 who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。
如:The student who is answering the question is John. 正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
二、 who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,此时不能省略。
如:The person who was here yesterday is a musician. 昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。但在非正式英语中,who亦可作宾语,且可以省略。如:The man(who)I saw just now is Mr Li. 我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。
三、 在定语从句中,who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。
如:Do you know the boy who is standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?
四、 若先行词中既有人又有物,关系代词用that而不用who。
如:He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。
五、 若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰,关系代词用that而不用who。
如:Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know. 姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。Tom is the first boy that left the room. 汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。
who、whom、whose、which、that引导的定语从句
一、定语从句基本概念
定语从句通常在英语复合句中充当定语的作用,在简单句中,定语往往用来修饰代词、名词或名词性短语,例:
Tom is a handsome boy. Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy. 有个乖男孩。
将以上的两句转换为定语从句则为:
Tom is the boy who is handsome.
There is a boy who is good.
二、定语从句中两大要素
了解了定语的作用之后,现在进入定语从句的正式学习。想要辨别定语从句,必须了解定语从句的两大要素:关系代词(或关系副词)、先行词。
本节重点讲解由关系代词引导的定语从句,下一节将为大家带来关系副词引导的定语从句。
首先为大家简单例举一个定语从句。
He is a good person who would like to help anyone. 他是一个好人,肯帮助任何人。
其中person就是先行词,who则为关系代词
who是用来指代这个先行词person,因此称为关系代词。此外,who只能做“人”关系代词,比如boy、girl、people等。
除了who之外,关系代词还有whom、whose、which、that
其中,值得注意的是,当定语从句修饰一个“人”时,选择关系代词必须了解先行词在从句中的位置才能做出决定,我们可以用拆分复合句的方法来判断。例:
1.He is a good person who would like to help anyone. 他是一个好人,肯帮助任何人。
拆分后:
He is a good person.
The person would like to help anyone.
拆分后可以发现,先行词在第二句中做主语,因此用who.
2.He is the man whom I met yesterday.
拆分后:
He is the man.
I met the man yesterday.
拆分后可以发现,先行词在第二句中做宾语,因此用whom.
当需要使用修饰“物”的关系代词时,例句是这样的:
1.This is a car which(that) is red.
拆分后:
This is a car.
The car is red
拆分后发现,先行词在第二句中做主语.
2.This is the book which you gave me yesterday.
拆分后:
This is the book.
You gave me the book yesterday
拆分后发现,先行词在第二句中做宾语
3.This is the room in which you were born.
拆分后:
This is the room.
You were born in the room
拆分后发现,先行词在第二句中做宾语。特别注意,当第二句中动词之后跟一个介词,在写定语从句时必须把介词提到关系代词之前。
最后一个,当关系代词要指代“人”或“物”的所有格(属格)时,例句是这样的:
This is the bike whose brake was damaged(the brake of which was damaged) 这辆自行车的刹车坏了。
拆分后:
This is the bike.
The bike‘s brake was damaged.或The brake of the bike was damaged.
先行词The bike在第二句中做定语,什么的刹车坏了?The bike的刹车坏了。修饰这个刹车(the brake)
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