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非限制性定语从句的讲解
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。下面是小编为大家收集的非限制性定语从句的讲解,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
非限制性定语从句的讲解 1
说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,不会受到主句的限制,把从句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次,大家要了解该从句的形式:非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如:
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。
在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类,在不同情况下,该从句的使用方法也是不一样的,在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法,在考试的时候就一定会丢分了,下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍:
(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。
My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。如:
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。
Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。
(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。如:
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的.典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。
(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如:
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。
She is an artist,which I am not.她是一位艺术家,而我不是。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。如:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。
She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如:
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。
④ which指代整个主句。如:
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术。
When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食。
(5) when引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。如:
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号,那时他将有空。
(6) where引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。如:
They went to London,where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。
(7) as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:
As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道,马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔,这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子,却被选为国王。(as在从句中作表语)
as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语)
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意,这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。(as在从句中作主语)
Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语)
(8)“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半。
They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
(9)“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中三分之二之多已经耕种。
Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。
he textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。
通过对该从句的讲解,大家可以看出,它的种类真的是非常多,不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的,大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义。虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多,但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句,所以说,大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目,它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的。除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况:
1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物, 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如:
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人。
2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。例如:
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why。例如:
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
非限制性定语从句的讲解 2
学习非限制性定语从句之前,我们有必要先知道限制性定语从句区别于非限制性定语从句的一些特点。
一、限制性定语从句的特点
1、限制性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个些)或一类特定的人或事物。
2、限制性定语从句一般是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就会失去意义或者表述不明确。
3、限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。如:
二、非限制性定语从句特点
1、非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切,它只是对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。
2、在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
三、非限制性定语从句考查要点
1.that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。
2.除 which外,还可用when,where, whose,who,whom等引导非限制性定语从句,用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如:
3. which引导定语从句,可以在从句中作定语。如:
In the office,I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,by which time many people have gone home.在办公室我似乎总是到下午五点半以后才有空,到那个时候很多人已经回家了。
4. 非限制性定语从句的关系代词 which,既可以指代前面的某个名词,也可以指代前面整个句子的内容。体会例句:
5. 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如:
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom he loved as his own mother他急于去医院看望他的继母,他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴她。
四、as和 which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1. which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面,而as引导的定语从句位置比较灵活,可出现在句首、句中或句末。
2.当 which引导的从句在意义上与主句几乎为并列关系时,可以用 and this and that代替,意思是“这件事”。如:
He changed his mind,which /and this/ and that made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气
3.as主要起与上下文连接的作用,表达说话人的看法、观点,并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。
4.当定语,从句位于主句之后,纯粹表示主句所述的内容,不带有“如……那样”的意思时,往往用 which而不用as,如:
5.当定语从句有“如……那样”的.含义时,as比 which更常用,而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。举个例子:
Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes,as if often the case.事与愿违,这是常有的事。
6.带介词的定语从句,必须用 which,不能用as。例如:
There is a great deal of oxygen around us,without which we can’t live.我们周围有许多氧气,没有它我们就无法生存。
7.当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时,只能用 which,不能用as。如例句:
These apple trees which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit这些苹果树是我三年前种下的,没结出任何果实。
非限制性定语从句的讲解 3
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句主要用来限制或修饰先行词,使先行词的所指明确化;若把该从句去掉会影响主句意义的完整性。限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿,在书写时通常不用逗号。
1.由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词who, whom(代人), which(代物), that, whose(代人或代物)在定语从句中作主语,宾语,定语等。关系代词在定语从句中作动词宾语时一般可以省略。关系代词的人称和数要和先行词一致,它的格取决于它在从句中充当的成分。
【例句】
The man who did the robbery has been caught. (who 在从句中作主语)
Then I telephoned the doctor (whom)Charles had recommended. (whom 在从句中作宾语,在口语中常用who代替,也可省略)
It is a question that/which needsvery careful consideration. (that/which在从句中作主语)
Edison is a great inventor whosefame is worldwide. (whose在从句中作定语,指人)
The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied.(whose在从句中作定语,指物)
He is not the man that he was.(that指人,在从句中作表语)
He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.(谚语,that指人,在从句中作主语)
You can take any seat that is free. (that指物,在从句中作主语)
Who is the man that is waiting for you under the tree? (在疑问句中,当疑问词为who时,关系代词则要用that指人)
l 提示:当先行词为all, everything, anything等不定代词,或先行词之前有all, no,
any, little,only, very等限定词、序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时,其后的关系代词通常要用that。
【例句】
All (that) you have to do is to press the button. (此句中关系词必须用that,也可以省略)
That’s the very textbook that weused last term.
He is the bravest man that everlived. (此句中that不能换成which)
2. 由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
关系副词when, where, why等在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间,地点和原因;它们的先行词分别是表示时间,地点和原因的.名词。
【例句】
There are moments when I forget allabout it.
This is the factory where my fatherworks.
The reason why he came is not very convincing.
3. 由关系代词as,but引导的限制性定语从句
As用作关系代词引导定语从句时,可在从句中作主语,表语或宾语,先行词前一般有the same, such等词。But也可以用作关系代词引导定语从句,用于否定词语之后,在语义上相当于that/who…not。
【例句】
This is the same bag as I lostyesterday. (as指物,在从句中作宾语)
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. (as指人,在从句中作宾语)
Such people as knew Tom thought he was a talented youngman. (as指人,在从句中作主语)
There are very few but (= who don’t) admire his talents.
There is no man but (=who doesn’t)feels pity for starving children.
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行附加说明,若把该词去掉,一般不会影响主句意义的完整性。除that之外,前面提到的关系代词和关系副词都可引导非限制性定语从句。
【例句】
I have a brother who works in achemical works. 我有一个在化工厂工作的哥哥。(意即:我还有别的哥哥,但他们不在化工厂工作。who引导限制性定语从句。)
I have a brother, who works in achemical works. 我有一个哥哥,他在化工厂工作。(意即:我只有一个哥哥,非限制性定语从句只是补充说明他的情况。)
My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is notrunning well.
A boy took us into the physics classroom,where Jack was sitting on the lecture table.
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