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定语从句省略情况

时间:2022-11-27 09:16:17 英语 我要投稿

定语从句省略情况

  英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。关系词有时可以省略,但这只限于限制性定语从句中,本文是小编为大家收集整理的定语从句省略情况,欢迎参考借鉴。

  1. 关系代词作宾语时的省略

  当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。如:

  Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?

  Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

  2. 关系代词作表语时的省略

  当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。如:

  China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)

  3. 关系副词when的省略

  用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:

  That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。

  I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

  4. 关系副词where的省略

  用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:

  This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。

  Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

  5. 关系副词why的省略

  关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略。如:

  That’s the reason (why, for whih, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。

  延伸阅读:定语从句中的that不可以省略情况

  1. think it + adj + that

  在讲今天的语法之前,我们回顾一下平时同学们在写作以及阅读中可能比较疑惑的例句:

  I think it important that you tell your mother the truth.

  疑惑之处在于,it后面为什么没有is?

  例句采用了这样的句型:“think it + adj”。此处,it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句才是真实宾语,而important是宾语补足语。所以,it是形式宾语而不是主语,不需要加be动词。

  一般情况下,各位更熟悉的句型是:“I think (that) it is important that... ”;这两者都是正确的,注意区分和辨别。

  感兴趣的同学还可以去这个网站看看:English Language & Usage。它给出了以下几个类似的例句:

  e.g. We do not think it necessary to go.

  e.g. Some people do not think it important to be thrifty.

  2. 定语从句中的that

  定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况:

  e.g. He must be the man (that) you have been looking for.

  此处,man作looking for的宾语。

  至于不可省略的that,这里小编只举两例,算是比较常用的规则哦:

  (1)紧接着上面阐述,除了关系代词作宾语的情况外,其余时候多不能省略that。比如小编给各位找来一个作主语的例子,各位可以举一反三:

  e.g. All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子。)

  此处,that指代主语,不可以省略。

  (2)我们都知道that引导定语从句,可指人也可指物,算是兼有“who”和“which”的作用;但当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时,那么就只能用that且不可省略了。

  拓展:

  用who和whom的情况

  先行词为one,ones,anyone,those,且指代人时。如:

  The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng, the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi.

  在there be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。如:There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.

  一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。如:The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.

  当关系代词前面有介词,只能用whom。whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前以构成“介词+whom(先行词指人)”结构。如:The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.

  whose的用法

  关系代词whose一般指人,表示“该人的.”,也可指物,表示“该物的”,在以物为先行词时,可用of which代替在从句中作定语。如:Theprize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.

  注意:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如:

  Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.

  Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.

  选择关系代词/副词的原则

  在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析定语从句所缺的成分。若从句缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么必须用关系代词;若从句不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么必须用关系副词。

  This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. (关系词在从句中作宾语)

  I will never forget the day when my father returned from America. (关系词在从句中作状语)

  先行词是表示方法、方式的way,后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导,也可以省略关系词。如果后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,要用that或which引导,也可以省略关系词。如:

  I don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother.

  例1 (2015·湖南卷) It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

  A. as B. where C. that D. which

  解析 D。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词place在定语从句中作主语,所以要用关系代词引导。as引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首,故选用which。句意:这真是一个令人愉快的地方,这里蜿蜒的'小路和美丽的村舍一定和一百年前看起来一模一样。

  例2 (2015·北京卷) Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.

  A. which B. that C. when D. where

  解析 D。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出引导词在从句中作地点状语,用where。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。

  点拨 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。做题之前先看句中有没有逗号,逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成分,在定语从句中从句主语和宾语都不缺少时,应该考虑关系副词。

  定语从句that表语

  所谓that表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。它跟在be动词或系动词后面,说明主语是什么或者怎么样的。例如:

  a)He has become what he wanted to be.他已经成为了想成为的那个人。

  b)The problem is when we have a meeting. 问题是我们什么时候能举行会谈。

  我们说过,宾语从句要用陈述语序。其实,表语从句也是如此。上面的例子如果写The problem is when do we have a meeting就错了。

  但是和宾语从句不同的是,宾语从句中的that可以省略,但在表语从句中,这个懒千万不能偷!is suggestion is that we can try to catch the next train. 他建议我们去赶下一班火车。

  上面的例句中,引导表语从句的that一定不能省略哦。另外,通常情况下,if和whether可以互换,但是在表语从句中却行不通,一定要用whether。例如:

  The question is whether you have enough time to do it.问题在于你是否有足够的时间去做。

  千万不能写成the question is if you have enough time to do it!

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