高中定语从句what

　　高中定语从句what

　　1）of what 引导的名词性从句，可以变成that或who,which引导的定语从句

　　Based on this dream, Mary wrote the draft of what is now chapter 13 of the book.

　　依据这个梦，Mary写了这本书第十三章的草稿。

　　这个句子可以变成定语从句，用that或which 代替of what

　　Based on this dream, Mary wrote the draft that is now chapter 13 of the book.

　　Based on this dream, Mary wrote the draft which is now chapter 13 of the book.

　　B）

　　He is not the person of what we are looking for. 这个是介词宾语从句，变成定语就是of what 变成who/that/whom或什么都不加。

　　He is not the person that we are looking for.

　　He is not the person who we are looking for.

　　He is not the person whom we are looking for.

　　He is not the person we are looking for.

　　2）what引导的名词性从句有两种意思。

　　A）一种是什么。

　　I wonder what he is hiding.

　　我想知道他在隐藏什么。

　　She does not know what is romance.

　　她不知道什么是浪漫

　　She has never so badly wanted to know what her mother has been avoiding?

　　她从来没有如此强烈的想知道她的妈妈一直在逃避什么。

　　B）what的另外一个意思是...的，相当于the thing/ all that 的定语从句。

　　He does not give me what I always long for.

　　他没有给我我一直渴望的。

　　这里的what 可以变成the thing that，（that可以省略）/, all that

　　He does not give me the thing （that ）I always long for.这个就是定语从句，the thing 是先行词

　　He does not give me all (that ) I always long for.

　　all是先行词的定语从句。

　　What能引导的特殊定语从句

　　对于定语从句这一块，大部分同学对于基本的which, who, that引导的从句并不陌生，但是对于what这个词，大部分老师都会说what不能引导定语从句。只能说它不是一般的定从，而是一个先行词和关系代词的`结合体，因此关于what引导的定语从句，前面本身都不应该再出现先行词。换句话说，如果句中已有先行词，就一定不能用what引导。比如错句：You can have everything what you like. 这里中what该词前已经有了先行词everything，所以不能用what引导。

　　另一句：Those activities became what he calls “electronic heroin”。这句中what在从句中作谓语calls的宾语，或者更具体的是充当宾语补足语，而这个what相当于the activities that，即一个先行词和关系代词的结合体。但是另从结构上来说，what从句是充当became的表语，也就是相当于名词从句中的表语从句。所以该句既可看做是what引导的特殊定语从句，又可充当名词性从句。

　　关于what的先行词，它的作用类似于that，既可指物，又可指人。What都是单独使用的，即其后没有接名词连用。在06年阅读第三篇中有这么一句话：Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught.后面这句话中that是该句的主语，means 是谓语动词，其后有一个省略了that引导的宾语从句，从句的谓语动词为is being caught. 主语为a higher proportion of what is in the sea, 其中what is in the sea是做of的宾语，而不是what这个词做of的宾语，这里what前没有先行词，且what用来指物。所以what is in the sea翻译成海洋生物，整句就变成了”那就意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕捞。”

　　另外what如果后面接的是名词的话，那就意味着what类似于做定从中的关系形容词，翻译成“所有的……，尽可能多的……”。如：The accident completely wiped out what little sight he had left. 这次事故让他仅有的一点视力也丧失了。

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