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动词ing做定语从句
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面是小编精心整理的动词ing做定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。
动词ing做定语从句
动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词,在英语中使用极其广泛,同时也是高考中的重要考点,因此要求每位高中学生对其都应清楚了解并正确运用。下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下:
动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?
注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:
1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:
1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:
1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
3.Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如:
1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?
3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:
1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。
2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
3.There is a page missing from this book.
除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:
1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。
2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。
-ing形式做定语专练
1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars.
2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover
3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school,most _____ were from Germany.
A.study;of whom B.study;of them
C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom
4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
A.to be discussing B.to discuss
C.been discussed D.being discussed
5.Chinais a_____country______to the third world.
A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging
C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged
6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?
---A model worker_____our school.
A.talks,visits B.is talking;is visiting
C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited
7.How many of us________,say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion?
A.attend B.attending C.to attend D.have attended
8.The flowers_____sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
答案:D A D D B C B B
什么叫做定语从句中的动词+ ing形式。
1.-ed做定语:被-ed修饰的先行词做从句的宾语,是被动态的.
2.-ing做定语:被-ing修饰的先行词做从句的主语
【用法】
1.-ed做定语:-ed,一般是及物动词.动词-ed形式作表语一般表示人的感受,含义为“(某人)感觉……”.
The catdrawnby the boywas very lovely.
男孩画的猫非常可爱。(表被动)
The ground was coveredfallenleaves.
地上覆盖着落叶。
2.-ing做定语:一般动词的-ing做形容词,这个动词一般是不及物动词.动词-ing形式作表语一般表示主语的性质和特征,含义为“令人……”.
Taking exerciseis beneficial to our health.
锻炼对我们的健康有益。
She suggestedgoing shoppingthis Sunday.
她建议这个星期天去购物。
动词-ing的意义及基本用法
(一)动词-ing作定语
表用途、性质或正在进行的动作;分前置定语和后置定语。如:
awashingcloset(一个洗手间)aswimmingpool(一个游泳池)
awashingmachine(一台洗衣机)awalkingstick(一根拐杖)
aflyingbird(一只正在飞翔的鸟儿)asmilinggirl(一个微笑的女孩)
arunningcat(一只奔跑的猫)asingingboy(一个在唱歌的男孩)
例句:
Who’s the childsleeping in the classroom?
正在教室里睡觉的孩子是谁?(sleeping in the classroom作后置定语)
The studentcookingsupperwon the first prize.
那名正在做晚饭的学生赢得了一等奖。(cooking supper作后置定语)
【温馨提示】
1.一般而言,单个的-ing单词作前置定语;-ing短语作后置定语。
例句:
Therunningboy is fond of helping others.
那个跑步的男孩喜欢帮助人。
The boyrunning in the parkis fond of helpingothers.
那个正在公园里跑步的男孩喜欢帮助人。
2.可以将作定语的-ing转换成一个定语从句,如:
Thegirlrepairing thecomputeris good at physics.
那个正在修理电脑的女生擅长于物理。
= Thegirlwho is repairing the computeris good at physics.
(二)动词-ing作状语(表时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、伴随、让步等)
例如:
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.
听到这个消息,她禁不住哭起来。(作时间或原因状语)
Following him, you’ll form many bad habits.
跟着他,你会形成很多坏习惯的。(作条件状语)
Looking atthose pictures, she remembered her childhood.
看着那些照片,她想起了自己的童年。(作时间或原因状语)
Staying outside the circle, he was still injured.
待在圈子外,他还是受伤了。(作让步状语)
They sat on the grassland,singing together.
他们坐在草地上,一起唱着歌。(作伴随状语)
In the factory, the workers have to workstanding.
在工厂里,工人们不得不站着工作。(作方式状语)
Peter had studiedhard for three months,passingthe exam.
彼得努力了三个月,通过了考试。(作结果状语)
They looked at each other,feeling every excited.
他们看着对方,感觉非常激动。(作伴随状语)
【温馨提示】
1.-ing作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,一般位于句首;其它状语一般放在句末。
Being ill, he didn’t come to work.因为生病了,他没有来上班。
She went to the school three times, meeting the teacher.
她去了学校三次,(结果)终于见到了老师。
但是这个位置只是相对的,如:
Tom was caught stealing something in the shop.
汤姆在商店里偷东西时被抓住了。
2.-ing作时间、原因、条件、结果、让步状语时可以和相对应的状语从句转换。如:
Working harder, you will catch up with your classmates.
=If you work harder, you will catch up with your classmates.
努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学们的。
(相当于Work harderandyou will catch up with your classmates. )
(三)动词-ing作补足语(表正在进行的动作)
We shouldn’tleave the waterrunning.
我们不应该要让水一直流着。(作宾语补足语)
I saw himwriting ashortstoryin his study.
我看见他正在书房里写一个短故事。(作宾语补足语)
They were heardplaying the pianoin the next room.
有人听到他们正在隔壁房间弹钢琴。(作主语补足语)
●动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语。
例如:
The villagers watched the traindisappearingin the distance.
村民们看着火车渐渐消失在远方。
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