限定性定语从句的知识

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限定性定语从句的知识

　　定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。下面小编为大家带来限定性定语从句的知识，仅供参考，希望能够帮到大家。

限定性定语从句的知识

　　限定性定语从句的知识

　　一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别

　　限制性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。

　　例如: A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.

　　一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。

　　A man被限定后,指一类特定的人。

　　限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。

　　例如:Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.

　　最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。

　　本句若去掉定语从句,主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中,非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一,因此值得我们注意。

　　二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。

　　例如: That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.

　　彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬。

　　句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。

　　三、除which外,还可用when, where, who,whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。

　　例如: After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。

　　Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. 　　第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到极大的歧视。

　　注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

　　四、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略：但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。

　　试比较:

　　The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.

　　播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。

　　He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.

　　他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。

　　巩固性练习:

　　从A、B、C、D中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　1. She heard the terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.

　　A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy. 　　 A. who B. which C. this D. what

　　3. The weather turned out to be very good,____ was more than we could expect. 　　 A. what B. which C. that D. it

　　4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,____ was very reasonable. 　　 A. which price B. the price of which 　　 C. its price D. the price of whose

　　5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital, ____ she spent her 　　 19th birthday. 　　 A. that B. which C. where D. and

　　(答案bbbc)

　　限制性定语从句关系副词

　　一．定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词；定义从句相当于形容词的用法。

　　二．关系副词：

　　1.作用：引导定语从句，指代先行词并且在从句中作成分，关系副词只能作状语；

　　2.分类：

　　①when，在定语从句中做时间状语；

　　②where，在定语从句中作地点状语；

　　③why，在定语从句中作原因状语;

　　④that，在定语从句中可作时间，地点，原因，方式状语。

　　3.关系副词可以转换为相应的介词加which，介词来源于先行词，固定搭配或是句意理解。

　　4. when引导的定语从句：

　　(1) when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语；

　　(2)时间介词：in/on/at/after/before/for/since/during…

　　①in+超过一天的时间词（month/season/year/century等）；

　　e.g. in 2008 在2008年

　　in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春季/秋季/秋季/冬季

　　in April/October 在四月/十月

　　in the 21st century在二十一世纪

　　②on +具体到某一天的时间词（day/date等）;

　　e.g.on Monday/Sunday在星期一/在星期天

　　on the National Day在国庆节

　　on Sunday morning/afternoon/evening在星期天早上/下午/晚上

　　on September 1st在九月一号

　　③at+表几点几分的时间词（hour/minute等）；

　　e.g. at six thirty在6：30

　　at seven在7：00

　　④特殊用法(固定搭配)：

　　e.g. in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上

　　at night/noon/dawn/dusk在晚上/正午/黎明/黄昏

　　⑤after在……之后；

　　e.g.I didn’t see home after that day.

　　⑥before在……之前；

　　e.g. Tom had lived here before 1998.

　　⑦in +时间段在……之后；在……之内；

　　e.g. Mary will go to the USA in three days.

　　⑧for +时间段多长时间；

　　e.g. I have studied English for eight years.

　　⑨since+过去的年份，自从……

　　e.g. Tom has lived there since 1996.

　　⑩during +时间段，意为“在……期间”。

　　e.g. Tom stayed in Beijing during summer holiday.

　　(3)关系副词when可以换为时间介词：in / on / at / after / before / for / since / during…

　　+ which。

　　e.g. October 1, 1949 is the day when(=on which) the People’s Republic of China was founded.

　　I’ll never forget the time when(=during which) we worked on the farm.

　　Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

　　5. where引导的定语从句：

　　(1) where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词，并在从句中作地点状语；

　　(2)地点介词：in, at, on…

　　①in +表示大地点的地点名词（国家/城市等）；

　　e.g. in Beijing 在北京

　　in New York在纽约

　　in China在中国

　　②at +表示小地点的地点名词（机场/家等）；

　　e.g.at home在家里

　　at airport在机场

　　③特殊的地点介词用法：

　　e.g.on the farm在农场

　　(3)关系副词where可以换为地点介词：in / on / at… + which。

　　e.g. This is the place where (=at/in which) we first met.

　　The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasn’t clean.

　　I recently went to the town where (=in which) I was born.

　　I’d like to live in a country where (=in which) there is plenty of sunshine.

　　6. why引导的定语从句：

　　(1) why引导的定语从句修饰表示原因（reason）的先行词，并在从句中作原因状语；

　　(2)原因介词：for;

　　(3)关系副词why可以换为原因介词: for + which。

　　e.g. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why (=for which) I left.

　　The reason why (for which) he was late was that he missed his train.

　　7. that引导的定语从句：that作关系副词常代替引导定语从句的关系副词when, where和why, 而且往往可以省略。

　　e.g. We’ll find some good place(that) we’ll have a picnic.

　　He didn’t tell me the reason(that)he was so upset.

　　That was the day (that) he wrote the report.

　　8.注意：time作先行词，如前面有序数词或last修饰时，不能用when引导定语从句，要用that或省去不用。但是，如果time之前无序数词或last，则when和that皆可引导定语从句。

　　e.g. This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

　　The first time(that) I entered the university was in 1988.

　　9. 注意：当先行词是表示方式的the way时，定语从句通常不用how来引导，应该用that或in which,或将它们全部省略。

　　e.g. We admired the way he solved the problem.

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which)he eyed me.

　　In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their life.

　　10. 限制性定语从句：是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开。并且做宾语和表语的关系代词可以省略。

　　e.g. What is the name of the man who just came in?

　　Beijing is a city that I always want to visit.

　　He found the book that (that) he was looking for.

　　She met a man (that/whom/who)she met on a bus.

　　This was the time when the two countries were at war.

　　11. 注意：在限定性定语从句中，在某些表示时间，地点的词后，关系副词在口语中有时可以省略。

　　e.g. That was the year (when) I first went abroad.

　　We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.

　　12.关系副词why引导的定语从句的先行词只有reason，why可转换为for which，在口语中可用that或者省略。

　　e.g. The reason (why/for which/that)I bought the flowers is that Mary likes them.

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