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强调句与定语从句区别
强调句与定语从句的区别是什么?大家知道吗?以下是小编精心整理的强调句与定语从句区别,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
1:强调句及强调句与定语从句的区分
首先我们来看下面这道题:
“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which C. that D. when
<陷阱>很可能误选C,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语 in the hall。
<分析>假若选C,即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting,该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”,单独看这一句,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错,但若将其与上文联系起来看,则不通,因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor,则完全可以。
其实,此题的最佳答案是A,where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句,用以修饰其前的名词 the hall,句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”,这样语意就通顺了。
定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较:
由it引导的句型结构,常可构成强调句或定语从句,两者极易混淆。一般来说,如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉,句子仍然正确,就为强调句型。这时,就选用that连接词;否则,就为定语从句,其关系词的选择,应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。
例1
(1) It is on the island that they spent 10 years.
(2) It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years.
比较:
(1)该句为强调句。表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用,说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉:They spent 10 years on the island.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式 (注:强调地点状语时,不可用where连接)。
(2)该句为定语从句。表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用,说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉:They spent 10 years the island.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词where或on which 构成定语从句结构。
例2
(1) It is on the date that she went abroad.
(2) It is the date when (on which) she went abroad.
比较:
(1)分析句子结构可知,在表示时间的名词the date 前有介词与其连用,说明它是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉:She went abroad on the date.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式(强调时间状语时,不可用when连接)。
(2) 分析句子结构可知,在表示时间的名词the date 前没有介词与其连用,说明它不是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉:She went abroad the date.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词when或on which 构成定语从句结构。
2:名词性从句
什么是名词性从句以及我们做题时的技巧:
所谓名词性从句包括:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。那他们又是什么呢?我们知道一个完整的句子了要有主语谓语宾语,或者表语,同位语。所谓名词性从句等指的就是一个句子充当主句中的某个成分,比如一个句子是由一个句子充当主语,那这个句子就是主语从句。其他的以此类推。
比如说:what he said is wrong.
主句部分是______is wrong. 充当主语的是what he said. 所以这是一个主语从句。
既然是从句那就有引导词。其实我们经常把名词性从句和定语从句放在一起讲解,因为从引导词的相似度到,做题选择引导词的过程中都有很大的相似度。
我们来回忆一下定语从句的引导词有哪些:
定语从句的引导词分两类:
关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词:where,when, why
我们当时说选择引导词有两种方法:
(1)如果从句中缺主宾表这些成分 就选关系代词,反之根据引导词是时间地点原因分别选择。
(2)看从句中的谓语是不是及物动词,是则选关系副词,而且看动词搭配的介词可以替换成介词+which。
其实这种方法也可应用到名词性从句。
名称行从句的引导词分3类:
但他们和定语从句的引导词的区别是翻译的时候要把引导词的意思翻译出来。所以我们在选择他们的时候还要看从句的意思是否完整。
(1) 连接词:that, whether, if , as if, as though
他们在从句中试不充当成分的,但有补充从句意思的作用,其中that既不充当成分也没意思,只是单纯的引导从句。
(2) 连接代词:what , who, whom, whose, which,以及他们对应的-ever的形式
(3) 连接副词:when, where, how, why, 以及他们对应的-ever的形式。
技巧:如果从句中缺主宾表同位语成分,选择连接代词;反之选择连接副词,连接词。
比如: I don’t believe in what he said.
主句I don’t believe in主句没有完整,所以what he said是充当宾语。He said 缺宾语所以选连接代词。根据从句中的意思填what 他所说的。符合句意。
反之可推。
这里简单介绍了一下什么事名词性从句以及做题时选择引导词的一个小诀窍。
定语从句的语法
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任,修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例)
例: The girl behind the tree is Kate.
The man driving too fast was a drunk.
定语从句
在英语中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
例: The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先,要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用
who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
1.which指物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 2.who指人,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
3.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,
4.关系代词that 指人/物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which
1.,只能用that引导从句.
This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.
The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.
2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.
Here is something ( that) I will tell you.
Not all that glitters is gold.
3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句
I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.
4.先行词是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修饰,用that
Is it the one that you want ?
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时,关系词用that
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
从例句中看出,who、that在许多情况下可以通用,但有时宜用用who,而不用that
1.先行词是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those时,关系词使用who
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.
2.在there be 句型中,先行词指人,关系词用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
关系副词是用来引导定语从句的,它和关系代词一样,具有3种作用。
在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语 连接作用,把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句 关系副词有三种:
where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on / in…which)=that why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因 =that
关系副词的用法:
1.where 的用法:(先行词应是地点名词)
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean
=The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
=The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean
=The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean
2.when的用法: (先行词应是表示时间的名词)
I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
3.why的用法: ( 表示原因的名词) s to invite you to a party
强调句与定语从句区别
1. 强调句与主语从句的比较
强调句将句子中的it is / was…that同时省去,句子仍然成立;而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it,成立。如:
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立,因此前面的句子是强调句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误,因此,前面句子不是强调句型,而是主语从句。
2. 强调句与定语从句的比较
◎强调句中的It没有实际意义,It be与that可同时被省略;而定语从句中的It是主语,It be与that不可同时省略;
◎强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致;而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定;
◎强调句将句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名词是事物时,也不能将that换成which;而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略,并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。
◎当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词可用that / which;而作其他成分时,引导词须用when / which。如:
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that?问句的回答,that所引导的是定语从句,that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所卖的就是这本书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调)
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明,它是定语从句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分,本句是强调句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明,是定语从句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天,人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)
3.强调句与状语从句的比较
◎状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语;而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。
◎状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉(from)。
◎状语从句的引导词可以是when / where,而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。如:
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)
(比较:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的书。定语从句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时,已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)
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