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定语从句中的that和which用法区别

时间:2023-03-09 17:15:32 兴亮 英语 我要投稿
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定语从句中的that和which用法区别

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  定语从句中的that和which用法区别

  1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。

  如:

  Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.

  有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。

  2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。

  如:You can take any seat that is free.

  任何空着的座位你都可以坐。

  3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。

  如:

  This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

  这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。

  4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

  如:

  This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.

  这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。

  5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。

  如:

  The only thing that we could do was to wait.

  我们唯一能做的事就是等待。

  注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。

  如:I need the same book that / as you have.

  我需要有你一样的书。

  6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。

  如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.

  他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。

  7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。

  如:

  Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?

  曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?

  8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。

  如:

  Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.

  我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。

  9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。

  如:

  I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.

  我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。

  最后,请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:

  1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。

  如:

  This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.

  这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

  注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that,例如:

  This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

  这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

  2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。

  如:You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.

  你应该掌握好这些可以用到未来工作中的技能。

  最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。

  如:

  He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.

  他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。

  Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.

  很难想象,他开车开得那么快。

  在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,几种宜用that,而不宜用which 的情况如下:

  1、先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等。

  2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

  3、先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

  4、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

  5、先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that。

  6、被修饰词为数词时。

  7、如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。

  8、疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。

  9、主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。

  10、被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。

  定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

  1、当关系代词的前面有介词时。

  2、在非限制性定语从句中。

  3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。

  4、当关系代词后面带有插入语时。

  5、先行词本身是that, 宜用which。

  6、先行词是those+复数名词。

  which

  1、Which do they want me to do? declare war or surrender?

  他们想让我做什么,宣战还是投降?

  2、I wanted to know which school it was you went to

  我想知道你上的是哪所学校。

  3、Soldiers opened fire on a car which failed to stop at an army checkpoint

  士兵向那辆拒绝在军事检查站停车检查的汽车开了火。

  4、They ran out of drink. Which actually didn't bother me because I wasn't drinking

  他们把酒喝完了。但实际上这对我来说无所谓,因为我不喝酒。

  that

  1、They said you particularly wanted to talk to me. Why was that?

  他们说你特别想和我谈谈。为什么?

  2、The story was published in a Sunday newspaper later that week

  这篇报道于那周晚些时候刊登在一份周日报纸上。

  3、A recession like that of 1973 – 1974 could put one in ten American companies into bankruptcy

  像1973–1974年间那样的经济衰退能让1/10的美国公司破产。

  4、'She said she'd met you in England.' — 'That's true.'

  “她说她在英格兰见过你。”——“是的。”

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