限定性定语从句where

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限定性定语从句where

　　一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point

　　You reach a point wheremedicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。

　　The crisis has reached a point wherethe receiver will have to be called in.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

　　We have reached a point wherea change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

　　注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:

　　Let the point whereAB cuts CD be called E.设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。

　　The accident happened at the point wherethe A15 joins the M1.事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

　　二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case

　　There are cases wherethe word“mighty”is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

　　Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases wherebeginners of English fail to use the language properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

　　三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity

　　Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity wheresight matters more than hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

　　四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation

　　He got into a situation whereit is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

　　If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation whereyou might lose it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。

　　五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position

　　It’s put me in a position whereI can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

　　六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

　　She wants a job whereher management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。

　　I don’t want a job whereI’m chained to a desk all day.我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。

　　【模拟训练】

　　01. We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sitdown together and talk.

　　A. where B. that C. when D. which

　　02. She had got to the point ______ she felt that she could nottake any more.

　　A. what B. when C. where D. which

　　03. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches thepoint ______ he can walk correctly and safely.

　　A. when B. where C. which D. that

　　04. It was so confusing that eventually it got to the point ______no one knew what was going on.

　　A. when B. that C. which D. where

　　05. I don’t want a job ______ I’m chained to a desk for eighthours a day.

　　A. which B. where C. what D. when

　　06. Drink-driving is one case ______ severe punishment seemsto work as a deterrent.

　　A. that B. which C. when D. where

　　07.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced toreaders_______consumer complains have resulted in changes in thelaw.(2008江西)

　　A. where B. when C. who D. { A此题是由where引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为cases，此句意思是“在这一章节，消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。}

　　【参考答案】01—06 ACBDBD

　　1.—Where did you get to know her?

　　—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山东卷)

　　A. that B. there C. which D. where

　　2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___they learn simple games and songs. (全国I)

　　A. then B. there C. while D. where

　　3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)

　　A. when B. whose C. which D. where

　　4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of

　　English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)

　　A. which B. as C. why D. where

　　5. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___D___

　　she had to decide what to do. (江西卷)

　　A. that B. what C. which D. where

　　以上5道题的答案分别是DDDDD，其中前面两道比较容易，因为它们符合“where引导的定语从句用于修饰表示地点的名词”这一基本用法。但是，后面3道题则有所不同，因为它们修饰的'名词不是具体的地点名词，而是一个抽象名词，即分别是activity, case, point，state，stage, situation，等意指“情况、情形、形势”时，引导词常用where或介词，which。如:We're just trying to reach a point____ both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东

　　26.)A. where B. that C. when D. which

　　由于一般的语法书对这一问题很少涉及，所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，正确掌握这一知识点，本文拟对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。

　　用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句:

　　1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your lovefor each other is greater than your need for each other.

　　请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

　　点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。

　　2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vitalinterests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.

　　欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。

　　点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。

　　3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower itspopulation to the point where the planet can provide acomfortable support for all, people will have to accept more“unnatural food”.

　　除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

　　点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度之下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。

　　从上面四个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。

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