定语从句who和which的区别
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定语从句who和which的区别 篇1
一、后接名词时的区别
当用作定语修饰其后接名词时,只用which和what,不能用who。which和what的区别是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如:
Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大?
What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?
但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也可用which。如:
Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?
二、其后不接名词时的区别
当其后不接名词时,三者均可用,which和what的用法区别依然是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如:
Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一个在盒子里,是红色的那个还是黑色的那一个?
What is in the box? 盒子里装的是什么东西?
至于who,它一般只用来指人,不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。如:
Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克?
Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?
注:当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可以用which或which one代之。如:
Who [Which / Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲?
三、与else以及of短语搭配时的`区别
1. 正由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般不跟表示特定范围的of短语。如:
What else have you bought? 你还买了些什么?
Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?
在你的老师之中,你最喜欢哪一位?
正:Which of your teachers do you like best?
误:Who [What] of your teachers do you like best?
我们当中谁去洗衣服?
正:Which of us is going to do the washing?
误:Who of us is going to do the washing?
这些词典当中哪一本是你的?
正:Which of these dictionaries is yours?
误:What of these dictionaries is yours?
2. 而which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接else,但却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:
Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?
Which of the boys is the strongest? 这些男孩当中,哪一个力气最大?
你还要点别的什么吗?
正:What else would you like?
误:Which else would you like?
四、口语中的用法区别
比较以下三组对话,注意体会它们的区别:
A:Who is he? 他是谁?
B:He is Mary’s husband. 他是玛丽的丈夫。
注:Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情况。
A:What is he? 他是干什么的?
B:He is an English teacher. 他是英语教师。
注:What is he? 的意思是询问他的职业。
A:Which is he? 哪位是他?
B:The one by the window. 窗户边的那位。
注:Which is he? 的意思是要在几个人中辨别要找的人。
定语从句who和which的区别 篇2
在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:
A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
(1) 当先行词为:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。如:
There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如:
This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如:
Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
(6) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。如:
Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?
B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形
(1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。如:
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了。
(2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。如:
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。如:
I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。
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