定语从句的省略主语

时间:2024-06-29 00:30:30 飞宇 英语 我要投稿
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定语从句的省略主语

  关系代词在定语从句中除作宾语可以省略外,在下列情况下,作主语也可以省略、以下是小编收集定语从句的省略主语,一起来看看吧。

  1.定语从句中含there be,作定语从句主语的关系代词可以省略。

  You must make a list of the names of the students there are in your class.

  你必须列一张你班同学的名单。

  He showed me the difference there is between what is right and what is wrong.

  他给我指出了对和错的不同之处。

  2.主句以there be开始,作定语从句主语的关系代词可以省略。

  There is something keeps worrying me.

  有些事一直使我担心。

  There is a teacher here can speak Spanish.

  这里有一位老师能说西班牙语。

  3.主句以that is/was开始的句子中,作定语从句主语的关系代词可以省略。

  Thats all is todays homework.

  今天的家庭作业就是这些。(all后省去that)

  Was that someone posted your letter?

  是有人帮你把信寄走了吗?(someone后省去that)

  4.主句以here is,here are开始,作定语从句主语的关系代词可以省略。

  Here is the professor comes from the Oxford University.

  这是从牛津大学来的一位教授。(professor后省去who)

  Here are three or four of us got a full mark in the examination.

  我们这里三四个人考试得了满分。(us后省去who)

  5.主语以have(意思是“有”)作谓语,作定语从句主语的关系代词可以省略。如:

  I have two more people should come to help me.

  我还有两个人应该来帮助我。(people后省去who)

  We have words to speak to those people will be put to do the work.

  我还有话要对派去做这工作的人说。(people后省去who)

  英语关系代词作定语从句主语省略的情况常见之于口语和非正式英语,对我们作为非本族语言的人来说应该慎用。但是了解这种省略情况是完全必要的,因为这会有助于我们识别和理解这种语言现象,提高我们的英语阅读能力和欣赏水平。

  定语从句省略主语that

  1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略.

  Here is the man (who/that/whom)youre been looking for.

  以下情况不能省略:

  (1)在介词+whom与介词+which中,whom,which不能省略.

  Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?

  Thatis the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.

  注:当介词放在动词后时,which,whom就可以省略.

  Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now?

  (2)在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略.

  Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school.

  The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.

  (3)在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中,as,that即使作宾语,也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought).(指同类用as)

  This is the same bookthatI read the day before yesterday.(that指同一个)

  (4)当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,第一个关系代词可省,但第二,第三个不可省略.

  This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.

  2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略.

  He is not the man (that) he used to be.

  She is all (that) a teacher should be.

  3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be 时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略.

  There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you.

  This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.

  4.状语的省略

  (1)当先行词是reason,而且定语从句中作原因状语时,关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略.

  The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.

  Thatis the reason (why) I did it.

  (2)当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略.

  The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.

  Thatwas the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out.

  注意:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不省略.

  例如:I dont know the waythat/ which leads to the top of the mountains.

  (3)当先行词是time时,关系代词可用when,that或省略.

  The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980.

  I dont know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.

  注意:关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略.

  无特殊情况,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。

  解释一:

  有特殊情况:定语从句中存在插入语时,关系代词可省略。

  Globally, tens of millions ofmigrants

  定语从句省略主语that

  一、简单句中的省略

  在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。

  1. 省略主语

  1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略如:

  (You) Open the door,please.请开一下门。

  2) 其它省略主语多限于现成的说法如:

  a) (I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

  b) (It )Doesn’t matter.没关系。

  2. 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分

  a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟。

  b) (Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ?

  c) (You come)This way please.请这边走。

  d) (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ?

  3. 省略宾语

  —Do you know Mr. Li ? 你认识李先生吗?

  — I don’t know (him).我不认识他。

  4. 省略表语

  —Are you thirty ? 你30岁了吗?

  Yes , I am (thirty). 是的,我是。

  5. 同时省略几个成分

  —Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ?

  —(I am feeling ) Much better(now) 好多了。

  (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利。

  二、并列复合句中的省略

  在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:

  a) The boy picked up a coin in the roadand (the boy ) handed it to a policeman.

  这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。

  b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .

  你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。

  c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.

  汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。

  d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.

  高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

  三、主从复合句中的省略

  1.状语从句中的省略

  一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:

  1)由 when,while,as,before,after,till,until, once等引导的时间状语从句;

  2)由whether,if,unless 等引导的条件状语从句;

  3)由though , although ,even if,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;

  4)由 as,than 等引导的比较状语从句;

  5)由as,as if,as though 等引导的方式状语从句。

  上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。如:

  a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .

  庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。

  b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret.

  趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。

  c) He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something .

  他到处看似乎在找什么东西。

  d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W. Bush thanked China for it s important role in the Six-Party Talks.

  e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .

  这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。

  f) Olympic gold medal list hurdler LiuXiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.

  奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。

  注意:

  1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略,如:

  Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.

  当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。

  2) 当从句的主语是 it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。如:

  Unless (it is) necessary ,youd better not refer to the dictionary.

  如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

  2.定语从句中的省略

  1) 一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词 that,which, whom 可以省略。如:

  Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

  这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?(2002上海春季)

  注意:

  在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which ,whom 不可以省略。试比较:

  Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)

  你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。

  Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill.( whom不可以省)

  汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。

  2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when ,where , 和 why 经常用that 来代替,甚至还可省略。如:

  a) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .

  他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。

  b) Could you tell us the reason(why/that)he was so unhappy ?

  你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?

  3)当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ,从句不能用 how 来引导 ,应该用that 或in which ,或将它们全部省略。如:

  I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。

  3.宾语从句中的省略

  1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that 一般可以省略.

  但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:

  a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbis exchange rate is necessary.

  我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。

  b) He said (that) the Anti-secession lawhad been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order

  2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。如:

  a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).

  我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。

  b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad).

  他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。

  4. should的省略

  在与suggest ,request ,order,advise 等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。如:

  Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms.

  法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。

  5.主句省略多用于句首

  如:

  (It is a ) Pity that I didn’t go to Marys birthday party yesterday.

  很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。

  6.在答语中,主句可全部省略

  如:

  —Why were you absent from school last Friday ?

  上周五你为什么没有上学?

  —(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.

  因为我妈妈病了。

  四、动词不定式省略,只保留to 的场合

  1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时。

  这些动词常见的有:love,like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise ,persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如:

  a)— You should have thanked her before you left .你本该在离开前谢谢她。

  —I meant to,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.

  —我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。

  b) You can do it this way if you like to.

  如果你想做,你可以这么做。

  2. 不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时。

  这些动词常见的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :

  a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).

  男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。

  b) She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to (come).

  她想来,可是她父母不让。

  3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时。

  常见的形容词有:happy,glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready等。如:

  — I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat ?我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?

  — Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat).没关系,我很愿意。

  4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时。常见结构如:be able to,be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:

  He doesn’t like fish but he used to .

  他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

  注意:但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。如:

  ——Are you a quite man?你是个安静的人吗?

  ——No, I am not. But I used to be.不,不是。但是我曾经是。

  五、动词不定式to 的省略

  1. 主语部分有to do,系动词 is 或 was 时 ,作表语的不定式通常省去to。如:

  The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。

  2. 作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to。如:

  He said that Ben had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.

  3. 主语部分暗含to do,表语中的不定式通常省去to。

  如:All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .

  我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。

  4. 当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。

  如:It is easier to say than to do .

  说起来容易,做起来难。

  5. 在would rather…than… 等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略。

  如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.

  我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。

  6. 在see ,watch ,notice ,hear,listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。

  如:I saw her enter the room.

  我看见她进入了房间

  7. why (not) do 结构 中,不定式也不带to。

  如:Why not join us ?

  为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?

  六、虚拟条件句中的省略

  在if引导的虚拟条件句中,可省去if,此时,须把were、had或shoud提到主语前,

  如:If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

  = Were I a teacher, I would be stric twith my students.如果我是老师,我会对我的学生非常严格。

  七、so和not的替代性省略

  为了避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m afraid等连用。

  如:——Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你猜他会参加婚礼吗?

  —— I suppose not.我猜不会。

  八、其他一些省略结构

  1. 名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。

  如:We spent the weekend at the Marys.

  我们在玛丽家过的周末。

  2. What和 how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语 it 和be动词

  如:a) What a wonderful victory (it is )for Tom !

  这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!

  b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child.

  被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。

  3. 情景会话中,在不引起歧义的情况下,答语常常省略主语、谓语或宾语,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。

  ——How many copies do you want? 你想要多少册?

  ——(I want) Three copies,please. 三册。

  ——Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗?

  ——No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall). 从没去过。

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