定语从句的关系词知识
定语从句的关系词
一.什么是从属复合句
在第七讲（坐标语法）里讲到，英句子的特点是：词可以做句子成分，短语可以做句子成分，句子也可以做句子成分，成分中还可以有成分，从句中还可以有从句。简单地说，从属复合句就是用一个句子做另一个句子的成分，被用做句子成分的句子就是从句，另一个句子就是主句。既然从句是用做句子成分，我们可以以句子成分来对从句进行分类，也可以按词性来对从句进行分类。按词性分，从句可分为：形容词性从句，名词性从句与副词性从句三大类；按句子成分来分，可分为：定语从句，状语从句，主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句六种。
二.定语从句与关系词的功能
定语从句起到形容词或限定词的语法作用，在句中修饰或限定某一个名词或代词，一般置于其所修饰或限定的词后面。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词的作用一是起到连接从句作用，并在从句中充一定的语法成分，关系词要与先行词保持数的一致,二是关系词的表意功能取决于先行词即，关系词的'含义是指代先行词，连接定语从句的连接词之所以叫关系词，就是与先行词产生关系之意。在关系词的选择上，我们要考虑关系词这两个方面的作用即，关系词的语法 功能与表意功能。
三. 例题解析
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
解析：定语从句不缺句子主干成分，从语法 功能上讲不能选关系代词B。从表意功能上看，先行词是national parks，因此答案选D。
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
解析：本题定语从句的主语是生活（lives），不缺句子主干成分，从语法 功能上讲不能选关系代词BCD三个选项，固选A ，用来whose 限定lives。
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解析：本题定语从句明显缺主语，不能选A 关系代词who的宾格形式 ，C what为名词性从句中的代词，剩下BC两个关系代词，再看先行词是 those指的是那些人，固选B。
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
解析：本题定语从句不缺句子主干成分，从语法 功能上讲不能选关系代词B，从表意功能上看，先行词为letter，意思是在信中他解释说，固选C。
5. There is no simple answer; _____ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
解析：本题定语从句明显缺主语，所以不能选C和D，从句的意思是就如在科学中那样子，含有如，像之意固选A。
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
解析：本题定语从句明显缺主语，固不能选A与B，先 行词为island，是指处所，所以选C。
7. _________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C . What D. As
解析：本题与第五题相同，选D
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
解析：本题定语从句不缺句子主干成分，live为不及物动词。先行词是the environment，意思是我们住在这个环境里，固选D。
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
解析：本题定语从句明显缺主语，D不能选，因为what不是定语从句中的代词。本题没有具体的先行词，在非限定性定语从句中，关系词可指代主句所指的事，所以不能选C。非限定性定语从句，当要用到指物的关系代词时，不能用that，固选B。
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________ I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
解析：
本题定语从句不缺句子主干成分，stay为不及物动词。先行词为the house，表处所，固先C。
四．定语从句考考你（用适当的关系词填空）
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
5. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
7. _________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________is announced in today’s newspaper.
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________I would be staying.
11.” You can’t judge a book by its cover”, _________the old saying goes.
12. The children, all of ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
14. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _________ are family members.
15. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _________made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
16. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
17. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
18. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
20. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere in ______ his employees enjoy their work.
21. The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
22. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
23. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
24. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
25. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
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