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省略that定语从句

时间:2023-01-03 17:41:59 英语 我要投稿
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省略that定语从句

  定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。以下是小编整理的省略that定语从句,希望对大家有所帮助。

  定语从句中的that可以省略

  只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

  a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

  b) 在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

  c) 先行词有the only,the very修饰时,只用that。

  d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。

  e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

  定语从句中的 that 在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略,但作为宾语时可以省略。

  定语从句中的that不可以省略

  1. think it + adj + that

  在讲今天的语法之前,我们回顾一下平时同学们在写作以及阅读中可能比较疑惑的例句:

  I think it important that you tell your mother the truth.

  疑惑之处在于,it后面为什么没有is?

  例句采用了这样的句型:“think it + adj”。此处,it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句才是真实宾语,而important是宾语补足语。所以,it是形式宾语而不是主语,不需要加be动词。

  一般情况下,各位更熟悉的句型是:“I think (that) it is important that... ”;这两者都是正确的,注意区分和辨别。

  感兴趣的同学还可以去这个网站看看:English Language & Usage。它给出了以下几个类似的例句:

  e.g. We do not think it necessary to go.

  e.g. Some people do not think it important to be thrifty.

  2. 定语从句中的that

  定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况:

  e.g. He must be the man (that) you have been looking for.

  此处,man作looking for的宾语。

  至于不可省略的that,这里小编只举两例,算是比较常用的规则哦:

  (1)紧接着上面阐述,除了关系代词作宾语的情况外,其余时候多不能省略that。比如小编给各位找来一个作主语的例子,各位可以举一反三:

  e.g. All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子。)

  此处,that指代主语,不可以省略。

  (2)我们都知道that引导定语从句,可指人也可指物,算是兼有“who”和“which”的作用;但当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时,那么就只能用that且不可省略了。

  e.g. I still remember the things and persons that I met when I traveled to Tibet.

  定语从句关系词省略的6种情形

  一、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。如:在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可 以省略。如:Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

  二、关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。如:China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)

  三、关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时,可以省略。如:I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)

  四、关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)也可换成。如:That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

  五、关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

  六、关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略。如:That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.

  这就是他来的原因。

  Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的`理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席,什么事也干不成。

  定语从句that的用法

  that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。

  一、that指代某物事时

  1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:

  (1)We'll do all that we can to protect theendangered plants and animals.

  我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。

  (2) There is much that I wan to tell you.

  我有很多想要告诉你的话。

  (3) Is there anything that I can do for you?

  有什么我可以帮你的吗?

  2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:

  (4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.

  在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。

  3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:

  (5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

  这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。

  4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如:

  (6)This is the very factory that theyvisited last summer holiday.

  这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。

  (7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.

  这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。

  5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:

  (8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.

  6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:

  (9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.

  这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。

  注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:

  (10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

  这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。

  7. 先行词为数词时。

  (11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.

  瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。

  8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:

  (12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.

  他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。

  9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。

  (13)Which is the bus that you will take?

  你要乘的是哪一班车?

  10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:

  (14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

  我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。

  11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:

  (15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.

  这是有史以来最快的列车。

  二、that 指代某人时。

  1. 泛指某人时。如:

  (16)He is a man that is never at a loss.

  他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。

  2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:

  (17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?

  和我们校长说话的那人是谁?

  3. 先行词前有the same时。如:

  (18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.

  这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。

  4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:

  (19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.

  他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。

  另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:

  (20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.

  我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

  (21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?

  这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?

  (22)We want to find a place (that) we can have apicnic.

  我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。

  (23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.

  这是我第一次到国外去旅游。

  (注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)

  当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。

  (24)I don't the way you speak to her.

  我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。

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