高中的定语从句

　　定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。下面要为大家分享的就是高中的定语从句，希望你会喜欢！

　　高中的定语从句1

　　(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

　　1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as

　　2、关系副词:when, where, why

　　关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

　　e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)

　　The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)

　　3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who 作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that ,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。

　　(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　　1、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。

　　e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)

　　2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。

　　e.g. Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)

　　(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

　　1、that与which的区别。

　　1)用that而不用 which的情况:

　　①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …;

　　②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;

　　③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;

　　④先行词既有人又有物时。

　　e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

　　The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

　　This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

　　Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

　　2)用which而不用 that的情况:①引导非限制性定语从句;②代表整个主句的意思;③介词 + 关系代词。

　　e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。

　　This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

　　3)as引导定语从句时的用法

　　①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

　　e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend's. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

　　Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

　　②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

　　e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

　　3)as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

　　①当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

　　e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

　　He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

　　②当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。

　　e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn't like at all.

　　2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

　　e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

　　The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

　　3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

　　e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.

　　4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用"介词 + which"来代替。

　　e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People's Republic of China was founded.

　　5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

　　e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

　　6. 介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who,且可省略。

　　e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

　　高中英语定语从句习题

　　一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:

　　1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

　　2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

　　3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

　　4. The students will not pass the exam . They don't study hard.

　　5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

　　6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

　　7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

　　8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

　　9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

　　10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

　　11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

　　12. That's the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

　　13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

　　14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven't been handed in.

　　15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

　　16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

　　17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

　　18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

　　19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

　　20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

　　二、根据句子意思,在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

　　1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

　　2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

　　3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

　　4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

　　5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

　　6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.

　　三、选择填空:

　　1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

　　A. who B. which C. whom D. when

　　2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

　　A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

　　3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. as

　　4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

　　A. when B. where C. which D. who

　　5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

　　A. which B. that C. whom D. as

　　6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

　　A. whom B. which C. who D. when

　　7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

　　A. when B. where C. which D. who

　　8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

　　A. who B. / C. that D. when

　　9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

　　A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who

　　10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father's neighbour.

　　A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which

　　11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

　　A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking

　　C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking

　　12. The man ____ around our school is from America.

　　A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed

　　13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

　　A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who

　　14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

　　A. where B. who C. in which D. which

　　15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

　　A. that B. whom C. when D. whose

　　16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

　　A. that B. which C. whatever D. all

　　17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

　　A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those

　　18. This is the very letter ____came last night.

　　A. who B. which C. that D. as

　　19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.

　　A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one

　　20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

　　A. where B. / C. when D. what

　　21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

　　A. where B. that C. which D. on which

　　22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

　　A. which B. in which C. that D. /

　　23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

　　A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which

　　24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

　　A. that B. which C. its D. whose

　　25. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.

　　A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom

　　26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

　　A. the one B. which C. that D. where

　　27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

　　A. the one B. where C. in which D. /

　　28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

　　A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

　　29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

　　A. it B. which C. that D. he

　　30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

　　A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were

　　31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

　　A. which B. whose C. where D. in that

　　32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.

　　A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it

　　33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

　　A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which

　　34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

　　A. that B. which C. where D. when

　　35. Don't forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

　　A. when B. that C. at which D. where

　　36. I've finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

　　A. that B. what C. which D. when

　　37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

　　A. which B. as C. that D. it

　　38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

　　A. What B. As C. That D. Which

　　39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

　　A. whose B. that C. whom D. who

　　40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.

　　A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which

　　41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

　　A. why B. which C. for that D. of which

　　42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn't working hard enough.

　　A. which B. what C. it D. that

　　43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

　　A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed

　　44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

　　A. It B. Which C. As D. That

　　45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

　　A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what

　　46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

　　A. when B. as C. whose D. what

　　47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

　　A. when B. as C. whose D. what

　　48. He is absent ____ is often the case.

　　A. what B. which C. who D. as

　　49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. when

　　50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.

　　A. who B. that C. whom D. which

　　51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

　　A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who

　　52. This is the only book ____ I can find.

　　A. that B. which C. it D. with which

　　53. I don't like ____ you speak to her.

　　A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

　　54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.

　　A. something could do B. anything we could do

　　C. nothing we couldn't do D. nothing we could do

　　高中的定语从句2

　　一、概说

　　定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。关系词不仅引导定语从句，同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分。

　　如：The girl who spoke is my best friend. 讲话的姑娘是我最好的朋友。

　　此句中，who spoke是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰先行词the girl，同时who 在定语从句中用作主语。

　　This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。

　　此句中，where I was born是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，用以修饰先行词the town，同时where在定语从句中用作状语。

　　二、关系词的用法与辨析

　　1. 关系词的用法

　　关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要的有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等，其中who和whom 只用于指人，which和as 只用于指事物，whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语;关系副词主要有when, where 和why，其中when表示时间，where表地点，why表原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语：

　　A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞行的机器。(that指物，在从句中用作主语)

　　I have forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了。(that指物，在从句中句作宾语)

　　The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。(who指人，在从句中作主语)

　　The house whose windows are broken is empty. 破了窗户的那座房子是空的。(whose指物，在从句中作定语)

　　There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。(whose指人，在从句中作定语)

　　He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。(as指人，在从句作表语)

　　2. 关系词的选择

　　选择关系词可考虑以下四点：

　　(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。

　　(2) 二看关系词的句功功能，即分清关系是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why)。

　　(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。

　　(4) 四看文体，即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体，是书面语体还是口语体。

　　3. 关系词的辨析

　　(1) 关于关系代词that与which的区别、that与who的区别、who与whom的区别、as与which的区别等。

　　(2) 关系副词when, where与why的'区别是：when用于指时间，where用于指地点，why用于指原因：

　　1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。

　　This is the room where he lived. 这就是他曾住过的房间。

　　These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。

　　三、关系词的省略

　　关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。

　　1. 关系代词作宾语时的省略

　　当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略：

　　Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?

　　Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

　　2. 关系代词作表语时的省略

　　当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略：

　　China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)

　　3. 关系代词作宾语补足语时的省略

　　当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略：

　　I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)

　　4. 关系代词作主语时的省略

　　一般说来，关系代词作主语时是不能省略的，但是在以下两种特殊情况，也可省略：

　　(1) 当定语从句为there be 结构时，作主语的that可以省略：

　　I’ve told you all (that) there is to tell. 该告诉的我都告诉你了。

　　(2) 当主句为there be结构时，在定语从句中作主语的that, which, who有时可省略：

　　There’s a gentleman (who) wants to see you. 有一位先生要见您。

　　(3) 当主句为it is结构时，在定语从句中作主语的that也可省略：

　　Here’s a little book (that) will tell you how to raise roses. 这是一本关于玫瑰花栽培的小册子。

　　5. 关系副词when的省略

　　用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)：

　　That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。

　　I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

　　6. 关系副词where的省略

　　用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)：

　　This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。

　　Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

　　7. 关系副词why的省略

　　关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略：

　　That’s the reason (why, for whih, that) he reads on Qisu English APP. 这就是他在奇速英语APP上读时文的原因。

　　四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　　1. 形式不同

　　限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

　　2. 功能不同

　　限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：

　　People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)

　　His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)

　　3. 翻译不同

　　在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开：

　　He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

　　I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。

　　4. 含义不同

　　比较：

　　I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)

　　I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)

　　5.先行词不同

　　限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子;另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句：

　　Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)

　　He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)

　　Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

　　Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. (先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

　　6. 关系词不同

　　关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。

　　五、紧缩的定语从句

　　1. 关于“介词+关系代词+不定式”

　　该结构主要用于正式文体中，相当于一个被紧缩的定语从句：

　　She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必须有冷静下来时的时间。

　　Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes. 给我一点时间换衣服。

　　He was miseralbe unless he had neighbours with whom to quarrel. 他要是没有邻居吵架就难受。

　　注意，该结构中的介词不能没有，也不能位于不定式后面：

　　在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。

　　正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)

　　正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)

　　正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)

　　误：There the children had a garden which to play in.

　　2. 将定语从句转化为分词短语

　　有时为了简洁起见可将定语从句转化为分词短语作定语：

　　Who’s the girl who is sitting beisde Jim? / Who’s the girl sitting beside Jim? 坐在吉姆旁边的女孩是谁?

　　Most of the people who were invited to the party were teachers. / Most of the people invited to the party were teachers.

　　Anyone who touches that wire will get a shock. / Anyone touching that wire will get a shock.任何人触到那根电线都会遭到电击。

　　注意，并非所有的定语从句都能转换成分词短语，比如那些不能后置定语的分词短语就不能与定语从句进行转换：

　　误：This is the boy being from the country. (being引出的分词短语通常不用定语，除非它是构成被动语态的助动词)

　　正：This is the boy who is from the country. 这是来自乡下的那个男孩。

　　误：We caught the thief having stolen the car. (现在分词完成式不用作定语，即使换成一般式也不对，因为现在分词短语作定语时它不能先于谓语动作之前发生)

　　正：We caught the thief having stolen the car. 我们抓住了偷汽车的小偷。

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