英语定语从句结构
在日常生活或是工作学习中，大家都听说过或者使用过一些比较经典的句子吧，句子由词或词组部分和语调所表示的语气部分组成。那什么样的句子才算得上是经典呢？下面是小编整理的英语定语从句结构，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
英语定语从句结构 1
定义：在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.
结构：先行词＋关系词（分为关系副词和关系代词）＋从句.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词通常位于定从前.
关系代词、关系副词：位于先行词和定从之间,它既起了连接作用,又充当从句的一个成分.
定语从句知识大讲解
一. 定语从句的概念
定语从句:指在在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二.引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which,
who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when,
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四. 关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,
which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English
novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, theone等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in theroom.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which, 而不用that,例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五. 关系副词的用法
1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
英语定语从句结构 2
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who (指人）。指人时可用that或who；指物时可用that或which；但有时只能用that，不能用which。
英语that定语从句常见的情况有下列五种：
1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。例如：
Is thereanythingthat I can do for you?
有什么可以为你做的吗？
Allthat can be done must be done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
That is one ofthe most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The firstthing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last等修饰时。例如：
My necklace is notthe onlything that's missing.
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which或who。例如：
Who is the girlthat is wearing a red coat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：
The writer and his novelthat you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
解剖：要搞清这个问题，我们首先要明白这样一个规定：which用来指代具体的，特定的物，或者说明晰的物，而who用来指具体的人，特定的人，或者说明晰的人。那么上帝当初把that创造出来，还有一个目的，就是要用它来指代非特定的，非具体的，非同一的，模糊的，泛指的人或物，或人和物的混合。还有一个问题是，上帝创造英语时，同样也要考虑到的。那就是，英语作为这个物质世界的一个存在，如同人类这个物质存在一样，也要讲究美，没有理由的“重复”肯定不是美的（当然也会讲究简洁等，所认我们学英语一定要把“英语”当作“人”一样来对待，因为在上帝眼中，英语与人同样是他的子民。哈哈，题外话说得太多了，这个大问题留待以后再讲）。
一、1---3种情况所表示人或物均不是特定的，即是泛指的，所以只能用that.
二、第4种情况，如果用who或which会导致从复。
三、第5种情况，先行词里既有人又有物，如果用who,完成了指人，但是把物漏掉了，反之亦然，这显然不行，所以那就只能用that了。
只能用that的几种情况：
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪个是离地球比较近的星星？
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
英语定语从句结构 3
一、什么是定语从句
阅读下列句子，找出哪一句是定语从句
1. My doctor told me to live where the air is fresh .
2. Tom was sleeping when the door bell rang .
3. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school？
4. Can you tell me when the Flight 5571 will depart？
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。因此，通常定语从句被视为一个句子与一个名词的关系。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
例如：
He is the boy who often goes to school late.
注意
关系词在定语从句中的三大作用：
1.连接作用———连接先行词和定语从句。例如：
I gave her all the money that I had .我把我所有的钱都给了他。（that连接先行词money和定语从句I had）.
2.替代作用———在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。例如：
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.
2.成分作用———在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。例如：
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜欢传统的`中国画（which在定语从句中作主语）。
二、关系代词和关系副词的用法
阅读下面的句子，根据从句的语法特点将其归类，幷把句子序号表格填入空缺处。
1. She is the old woman that witnessed the accident this morning .
2. Mary is the girl who works in Japan .
3. Is this the key which you are looking for.？
4. October 1，1949 is the day when New China was founded.
5. The house which stands on the top of the hill was built last month .
6. The student whom the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.
7. He lied to the police officer，which made things even worse.
8. This magazine belongs to the teacher who teaches us history.
9. Tom is reading in the room where the others are watching TV .
10. He failed in the exam，which surprised us all.
11. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
12. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League .
13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .
关系代词和关系副词的用法
定语从句类型特点句子序号由关系代词which /that /who/whom引导关系代词在从句中作主语关系代词在从句中作宾语。
关系代词which指代前句所属之事由关系副词when /where/why引导定语从句中不缺主语或宾语；when /where /why充当从句的时间、地点、原因状语。
Where所指代的是一个抽象的地点，例如某一种情况、某一个领域。
巩固练习
完成句子
1. Alexander Bell was the man _______________________（发明电话的人）。
2. The present ____________________________________（她生日那天我送她的）is still unopened.
3. Carol said the work would be done by October.__________________________，（我对此十分怀疑）。
4. The film brought the hours to me __________________________________（当时我得到很好的照顾）in the faraway village .
5. We are living in an age ______________________________（我们生活在一个很多事情需要用电脑来做的时代）。
单项选择
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________________we visited three months ago .
A where B when C that D what
2. Women _______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _______don’t.
A who / B / who C who who D / /
3. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_______，of course，made the others envy him .
A who B that C what D which
4. If a shop has chairs _______women can park their men，women will spend more time in shop .
A that B which C when D where
5 I work in a business _________almost everyone is waiting for a great chance .
A how B which C where D that
三、关系词使用的注意事项
引导定语从句的关系词的选用比较复杂。除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成分外，还要根据习惯用法而定。
（一）只能使用that，who，whose的定语从句。
请阅读以下句子，根据用法分类，将句子序号填入表格中适当的位置。
1. This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen .
2. I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel .
3. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited .
4. Who is the man that came this morning .
5. Which is the bag that you lost .？
6. He is the very person that the police are looking for.
7. This is the only thing that I can remember .
8. Tell us everything that you know，please.
9. Is there anything that you don’t understand？
10. All that glitters is not gold .
11. Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished.
12. His mother，who loves him very much，is strict with him.
13. Here is the boy who wants to see you .
14. Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.
15. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan .
16. Last week I bought a car，whose price is reasonable .
英语定语从句结构 4
一、学习定语从句概述
“定语从句”，顾名思义，就是句子作定语。它是英语学习的重点和难点，也是各类英语考试，尤其是高考的必考项目。它是复合句中三大从句(名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句)之一，也是最难掌握的一种从句。定语从句的难点在于它的结构特殊，即“先行词+关系代词(关系副词)+从句”。许多学生分不清哪是先行词，甚至忽略先行词的概念，因而不能正确使用关系代词或关系副词，更不清楚定语从句中的一些特殊情况。
因此，要想掌握定语从句，就必须弄懂定语从句的本质，掌握其要点：
1. 什么叫先行词?准确判断出定语从句所修饰的先行词;
2. 关系代词和关系副词有何区别，正确使用关系代词或关系副词;
3. 介词置于关系代词之前的情况;
4. 关系代词或关系副词的省略;
5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;
6. 定语从句与强调句型和同位语从句的区别。
二、原创定语从句学习口诀
目前，鉴于语法书和其他教辅对该问题讲解得比较复杂，甚至有些混乱，读者对于定语从句以及关系代词和关系副词的用法，经常混淆不清。结合自己多年的教学经验，我特地编写了《定语从句口诀》，并辅以【讲解】。【口诀】除了让学生背诵之外，更要弄懂每句口诀的含义。该口诀包含了定语从句的基本内容。
《定语从句口诀》力争做到：
内容全面，归纳条例;思路清晰，例句恰当;押韵上口，适合背诵。
(口诀一)
定语从句真奇妙，
关系代(副)词来引导，
定语从句分两种，
是否限定看逗号。
(口诀二)
which指物who指人，
地点where时间when,
that人或物均可，
why之前是reason。
(口诀三)
从句当中作宾语，
whom可以代替who,
为了句子更简练，
关系代词可省去。
(口诀四)
关系若是表所属，
whose用法不可无。
除此之外还有啥，
whom, which加of。
(口诀五)
关系代词不一般，
介词经常用在前，
此时不用that, who，
which, whom才安全。
英语定语从句结构 5
定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）Whose
用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover
is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was bor
n. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？
A. where B. the one C. on which D. /
【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.
A. which B. that C. / D. where
【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of which B. where C. to do D. that
4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？
A. which B. on which C. when D. where
【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part （in）。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance.
A. that B. / C. which D. why
【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have
________the radio for me？
A. who；repaired B. that；repaired C. whom；repairing D. that；repair
【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
英语定语从句结构 6
定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。
person has pieced together the worked of hundreds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place.
皮而森 汇集了...生产出独特的千年历，这种千年历（它）能够...
定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例如：
1.i have the same problem as you concerning the learning of english
在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。
2.she has a perfect figure.
她身材不错。
3.this is indeed a most pressing problem.
这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。
4.the only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother.
别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。
5.the effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities
有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。
6.the nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last ice age which began about 35,00 b.c. and ended about 10,000 b.c.
作出这些刻记的游牧人，依靠狩猎和捕鱼生活在冰河时代的晚期。这段时期大约始于公元前35，000年而结束于公元前10，000年。
7. for several hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact.
在过去的几百年中，已经有记载说，确实有被动物养大的与世隔绝的狼孩的存在。
另外，翻译成汉语时还要注意未省略关系代词和关系副词的定语从句, 翻译时所遵守的原则和上述的一样：
关系代词引导的定语从句：
8.he is the very person (whom) i’m looking for.
他正是我要找的人。
9.this is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently.
这就是我们政府一直追求的灵活政策。
10.those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive scholarship.
那些家里提供不起食宿的学生可以得到奖学金。
11.there are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students.
有些形式是不能告诉给学生的。
关系副词引导的定语从句：
12.i took mr. john to the village, where i had spent my carefree childhood.
我把约翰先生带到我度过无忧无虑童年的乡村。
13.i still remember the time when we studied in the same university.
我还记得我们一起上大学的日子。
定语从句的翻译可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种，翻译成汉语时不论是在语序方面还是重复先行词方面都有一定的讲究：
限制性定语从句的翻译可分为以下几方面：
1．前置：
这种定语从句一般比较短，翻译起来比较方便，和汉语的词序完全一样，例如：
a.this is the finest weather that i have ever seen this month.
这是这个月我所看到的最好的天气。
b.our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.
我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。
c.teachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests.
老师通常喜欢考试中成绩好的学生。
d.他不是一个轻易服输的人
he is not the one who will give up easily.
以上的这些例子告诉我们，如果定语很短的话，我们可以把他象汉语一样放在中心词的前面。但是，有的时候，如果定语太长，读起来就不符和汉语的习惯，因此，往往要后置，重复先行词,这就是下面要提到的定语从句的 “后置” 问题，例如：
2．后置：
a. misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only after their death.
吝啬鬼经常是看起来年很孤单、不为人所主意，可他们的财富只有等到他们死了以后才 暴露出来。
3．“综合性”的翻译法。
综合性”的翻译就是，翻译时不需要关系词，其中的关系完全靠上下文的意思来表现出来，例如：
a.this is the place where the accident occurred.
这就是发生交通事故的地方。
b.the person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor.
他的邻居把信交给了他。
c. there is a big oak tree that stands just in front of the village.
村子前面有棵大象树
d.most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble.
大多数病人想找人坦率、诚实地倾诉他们的苦衷。
非限制性定语从句：
1.前置：
a. we need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence
我们需要一个人人都信赖的主席。
b.the worldly well-known actor , who had been ill for two years, meet thunderstorm applause when reappeared on the stage.
那个病了很多年的著名演员，一上台观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。
c. piccaso, whose works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age.
毕加索的作品曾鼓励了很多人，后来年纪很大时，作品也日趋成熟。
2.后置:
a.he deposits a little sum of money in the bank, by which means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily.
我们每个月都在银行里存一些钱，这样，碰到有任何危机时，我们就可以应付了。
b. a table has four legs, one of which is broken.
桌子有四条腿，其中的一条腿是坏的。
c. living in the central australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.
生活在澳大利亚中部有很多问题，其中取水还不算最艰苦的。
d.he decided to resign, which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances.
他决定辞职，而这是他目前所能做的最好的事。
e.he is late for class today, as is often the case.
他今天迟到了，而这是经常的事。
3.省略先行词
这种句行就象前面讲的“综和性”翻译一样，直接把整个句子的意思讲出来，例如：
a.the two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange students and scholars.
这两个大学，签定了协议，决定交换学生和学者。
b.he caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse , whose face turned pale for too much loss of blood.
他看见一个士兵走进农舍，脸色因失血过多而苍白。
c. he passed the exam, which can be read from his the light on his face.
我从他脸上就可以看出他已通过了考试。
d. he arrived at the railway station in time , which is expected .
他果然准时到了火车站。
4.译成状语从句
有些作定语的句子听起来却有点象状语从句，因此翻译时可以将其译成状语似的从句：
a.you should take advantage of the opportunity to learn english well, which is very valuable.(原因)
你应该利用这个机会好好学习英语，这太重要了。
b.we examine the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable.(原因)
我们检验产品很仔细，因此产品都很可靠。
c.i never believe the stories, which is appealing.(让步)
我从不相信他所说的故事，即使它很动听。
5. “as”引导的句子：
除了以上这些例子以外，还有一些特殊的由 “as”引导的句子, 翻译时可参考“as”的比 较结构从句：
a. he is not such as fool as he looks
他并不象看上去的那么傻。
b. they were not such questions as could easily be disposed of.
这些问题可不是那么容易就能处理好的。
c. it wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.
这顿饭可没有她向我们说的那么好。
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