定语从句where和that
定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用where?怎么用呢?
在定语从句中引导地点用that 和where的区别
1.看被定语从句所修饰的先行词(名词/代词)能不能直接和从句相连.
如果可以直接和从句其他成分相连,无须补上介词,则用that/which;
如果需要额外补上介词才能放在定语从句中,则用where.
如:This is the city (which/that I stayed in last year).
把先行词the city放入后面的定语从句,为:
I stayed in (the city) last year.
the city直接做介词in的宾语,所以用which/that.
再如:This is the city (where I stayed last year).
把先行词the city放入定语从句,需要补上介词in方可,即为:
I stayed (in the city) last year.
所以使用where或in which.
2.看定语从句是缺少地点状语还是缺少主语/宾语/表语.
如果缺少地点状语,用where;
如果只缺少主语/宾语/表语,则用which/that.
如:This is the city (which/that) I visited last year.
从句I visited last year中,及物动词visited后面缺少一个宾语,所以用which/that;
再如:This is the city (where) I lived last year.
I lived last year中,缺少地点状语in the city,所以用where或in which
situation后面的定语从句用that还是where
简单地说,situation后接的'定语从句到底该用that, which来引导还是用where来引导,主要看后面的定语从句的主谓宾是否完整:
1.如果定语从句的主谓宾是完整的(不缺主语也不缺宾语),则要用where来引导。如:
It is asituation wherebasic human rights are being flagrantly abused.这种情形是对基本人权的公然践踏。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangeroussituation whereyou might lose it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
It’s helpful to put children in asituation wherethey can see themselves differently.把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中,这对于他们会有所帮助。(2009福建卷高考题)
2.如果定语从句的主谓宾不完整(比如缺少主语或者缺少宾语),则要用that, which来引导。如:
It’s asituation thatmust be dealt with.这是必须要处理的事情。
This is asituation whichcannot be changed.这是无法改变的事实。
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