中考定语从句讲解及举例

　　中考定语从句讲解

　　一. 定语从句的功用和结构

中考定语从句讲解及举例

　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

　　This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

　　Do you know everybody who came to the party?

　　I still remember the night when I first came to thevillage?

　　This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

　　二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

　　关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

　　1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

　　I don’t like peoplewho talk much but do little.

　　The cars which areproduced in Hubei Province sell very well.

　　2. 作宾语：

　　She is the personthat I met at the school gate yesterday.

　　The book that mygrandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

　　3. 作定语

　　关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

　　What’s the name ofthe young man whose sister is a doctor?

　　The girl whosefather is a teacher studies very hard.

　　4. 作状语

　　I’ll never forgetthe day when I first came to Beijing.

　　This is the housewhere I was born.

　　三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

　　1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

　　The person whobroke the window must pay for it.

　　The boy who iswearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

　　Do you know theyoung man (whom) we met at the gate？

　　Mr. Lee (whom) youwant to see has come.

　　3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

　　The girl whosemother is ill is staying at home today.

　　I know the boywhose father is a professor.

　　4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

　　A dictionary is abook which gives the meaning of words.

　　Here is the book(which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

　　5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

　　I’ve read thenewspaper that(which) carries the important news.

　　Who is the person thatis reading the newspaper over there?

　　6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

　　I’ll never forget the time whenwe worked on the farm.

　　He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

　　7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

　　This is the house where we livedlast year.

　　The factory where his fatherworks is in the east of the city.

　　四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

　　That was the roomin which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

　　which we had lived in for ten years.

　　五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

　　1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

　　(1) 先行词是all, few, little,nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

　　All that hesaid is true.

　　(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

　　He is the onlyforeigner that has been to that place.

　　(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

　　He was the second(person) that told me the secret.

　　(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

　　This is the bestbook (that) I have read this year.

　　(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

　　He talked about thepeople and the things he remembered.

　　2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：

　　(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：

　　The meeting was putoff, which was exactly what we wanted.

　　(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

　　The thing aboutwhich he is talking is of great importance.

　　举例

　　---Does the teacher know everybody _______ plantedthe trees?

　　---Yes, he does.

　　A. which B. whose C. where D. who

　　【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

　　The letter _______ I received from him yesterdayis very important.

　　A. who B. where C. what D. that

　　【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的.选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。

　　---Where is the scientist________ gave us the talkyesterday?

　　---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

　　A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

　　【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

　　I hate people _______talk much but dolittle.

　　A.whose B. whom C. which D. who

　　【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

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