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定语从句什么时候用as
一般说来,as与which的语义功能相同,可以相互替换.但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异.下面是小编给大家整理的定语从句什么时候用as的相关内容,希望能给你带来帮助!
定语从句什么时候用as
1.the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构,和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2.as可引导非限制性从句,常带有正如.
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语;
例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1.形容词或形容词短语作先行成分,具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me,as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质.这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词.值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2.动词短语先行成分.
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替.do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替.
3.句子作先行成分.
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句.有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事.
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
1.形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.
2.动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首.
3.句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前.如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义.由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动.在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中.
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来,as与which的语义功能相同,可以相互替换.但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异.
1.表示结果
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result,make,enable,cause和形容词interesting,surprising,delightful,disgraceful等.
2.表示评注
表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural,known to all,usual等.
3.有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义),而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义.“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制.
四、关系代词as与which的句法-功能
1.as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语.
as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be,seem),主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略.行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略),不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词.如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略.
2.as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.
3.as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语.如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装.
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as.如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4.which在特殊从定语句中作定语.
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词.这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整.as不能作定语.如:
I was told to go not by train but bus,which advice I followed.
定语从句as的用法
一、用作连词的as
1. 引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,其用法与when和while类似。例如:As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示从句与主句动作同时进行,意为“一边……一边……”,一般不与状态动词连用。例如:She sang songs as she did her homework.
as 还可以表示一动作紧接着另一动作发生,说明另一动作的结果,有“随着……”的含义。例如:As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
解析:本题的as中与when一起作为干扰项,容易使考生往时间状语从句上思考,事实上本题是强调句,正确选项是D。
2. 引导原因状语从句,表示“由于,因为”,相当于because, 但通常置于句首。例如: As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.
例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析:本题中as干扰性很强,很多考生误以为是原因状语从句,但仔细分析不难发现正确答案应是A(while表示“只要”)。
3. 引导让步状语从句,通常可与although或though通用,但语序不同,although或though用于句首,as用于倒装结构。例如:Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to follow. as 表示让步用于倒装结构,通常将从句的表语、状语或动词前置。如果表语有冠词a/an, 需去掉。例如:Great scholar as he is, he is lackingin common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.
A. SinceB. Unless C. As D. Although
解析:as 虽然有引导让步状语从句用法,但本题不是倒装结构,故正确答案应是D。
4. 引导方式状语从句,表示“如,像”。例如:When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.
例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.
A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up
解析:本题考查动词词组辨析,题干中的“as planned”给同学们提供了重要信息,答案选B。
5. 固定句型:“主句,as +be/do+主语”表示“也一样”。例如:She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
二、用作介词的as
1.表示“如,像”。例如:They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
2.表示“作为、当作”。例如:As a League member, you should think more of others.
3.与某些动词搭配,表示“把……当作……”,如:look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as与famous或known搭配,表示“作为……而出名”。
例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known
解析:如果熟悉be known as这一短语,运用有关非谓语动词的常识,可选出正确答案B。
三、用作关系代词的as
1. 引导限制性定语从句,先行词前通常有as, so, such, same等修饰语。例如:He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此种用法中,同学们要注意与结果状语从句的区别。比如:A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it. B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句为结果状语从句,而B句则是定语从句。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代整个主句(即先行句),表示“这一事实,那一情况”。从句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如:We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.
例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析:根据句意,选项C是正确答案。as表现的正是本点所讲用法。
四、用作副词的as
修饰形容词或副词,表示程度,意为“同样地”。例如:He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常构成表示比较的结构“asas”,“not asas”。此结构中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。否定结构中的副词as可以由so代替。asas possible /one can也属于此用法。例如:It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
五、用在习语中的as
由as构成的习语很多,常见的有:as soon as “一就”,引导时间状语从句;as/so long as “只要”引导条件状语从句;as if/though “好像,仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句;as to/ as for “至于,就而言”;as much/many as“多达”;as/so far as “就的限度”;as a result,as a result of “(由于的)结果”;as a matter of fact“事实上”;as well “也、还”;A as well as B“不但A而且B”;as it is“照现状看,看样子”,等等。这些习语在高考中可能经常遇到,在高考题中有的作为正确选项,有的作为干扰项,有的出现在题干,值得同学们认真掌握。例如:
例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 解析:选项D极具干扰意义,但进一步研读会发现本题中的两个分句表达了一件事的两个对立面,故选B。
例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. ——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine
解析:本题选项中虽没有as内容,但题干中的as it is却是解题的关键信息,正确选项为B。
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