定语从句when和which

时间:2024-04-30 19:35:04 林惜 英语 我要投稿

定语从句when和which

  在句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词除了起引导作用外,还在从句中指代前面的先行词,并在从句中担任一定的成分。以下是小编为大家整理分享的定语从句when和which,欢迎阅读参考。

  定语从句when和which

  首先看先行词.比如先行词是有关时间的话,要注意关系词后面的句子.

  分析该句子中主语宾语缺不缺,如果缺就证明少了关系代词;如果不,就证明少了状语’

  eg.Do you still remember the day when you joined the army?

  该句中,the day 先行词,you joined the army .不缺主语,宾语;所以少了状语,表示,在这一天.有在的意思.

  National Day is a special day which we should remember.

  该句中,day 做remember的宾语.

  在先行词不是时间词的情况下,表示事物的,就不可能用When.

  when 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

  I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.

  我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。

  I’ll never forget the day when the great scientist came to our school and give us a speech.

  我永远不会忘记那位伟大的科学家来我们学校并且给我们做了一个演讲的这一天。

  where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

  That’s the school where I studied three years ago. 那是我三年前就读的学校。

  This is the factory where my father works. 这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。

  which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。

  This is the city which/that was visited by some foreigners three years ago这就是三年前被外国人参观的那个城市。(which/that 做主语)

  This is the city which/that I visited three years ago.这就是我三年前参观的那个城市。(which/that 作宾语)

  例1.This is the place where the accident took place last night.

  例2.This was the place which I visited last year.

  先行词都是the place 为什么第一句用where引导,而第二句却用which呢?

  讲解: where是关系副词,在句中充当地点状语,但which是关系代词,充当从句的主语或宾语,因此,对于这道题 第一句:从句主语:accident 谓语 took place 事故发生了,这句话已经完整了(took place 不及物,所以后面不加宾语。)

  第二句:从句主语:I 谓语 visited,没有宾语呀!“我参观”我参观什么?因此which作此句的宾语。

  小窍门:如果发现从句主语,谓语,宾语全齐了,那么就一定用关系副词when或where

  如果你试着把先行词插入后面的定语从句中,如果能插到里面去,那就要用that或which。

  先词表地点:

  先词表地点时,如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词,关系副词where或介词+which;where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。如果是及物动词,which或that都可以。例如:

  (1)This is the small village where(=in which)he ever lived.

  这是他曾经住过的村庄。

  (2)Beijing is the place where(=in which)I was born.

  北京是我出的地。

  (3)The brige where(on which)this photo was taken has been rebuilt.

  这照上的那座桥已经重建了。

  先词表原因:

  表原因时,如果why前的先词是表原因的名词reason,可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。

  (1)Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you hasn’t finished your homework?

  你能告诉我你还没完成作业的原因吗?

  (2)The reason why(=for which)he refused the invitation hasn’t been clear.

  他拒绝邀请的原因还不清楚。

  (3)I don’t know the reason why(=for which)he looks unhappy today.

  我不清楚他今天不开的原因。

  先词表时间:

  when主要于修饰表时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中作时间状语,等于on/in/during which,如:

  (1)There comes a time when(at which)you have to make a decision.

  你必须作出决定的时候到了。

  (2)It was raining on the day when(on which)they arrived.

  他们到达那天正好下。

  先词表时间:

  同样的先词,由于在从句中充当的成分不同,选的关系词也不同。如:

  (1)This is the place where he spent his childhood.(关系词在从句中作状语)

  这是他度过童年的地。

  (2)This is the place which he visited last summer.(关系词在从句中作宾语)

  这是他去年参观过的地。

  (3)The reason why she did that was unacceptable.(关系词在从句中作状语)

  她做那件事的理由是不可接受的。

  (4)The reason which she gave was unacceptable. (关系词在从句中作宾语)

  她提出的理由是不可接受的。

  (5)This is the museum which we visited last year。(关系词在从句中作宾语)

  这是我们去年参观过的博物馆。

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