如何选择定语从句的引导词
引导语:选择定语从句的引导词是学习定语从句的难点。以下口诀可帮助同学们化难为易。一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。下面是小编为你带来的如何选择定语从句的引导词,希望对你有所帮助。
现将四句口诀分述如下:
“一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。
【高考链接】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
答案:D。
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。
“二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。
【经典例析】
试比较以下两句:
1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?
2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?
第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的`whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。
“三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。
【高考链接】
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
答案:C。
解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。
“四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。
【经典例析】
1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.
当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。
2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.
为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。
3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.
such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。
最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。
关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。
that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;
which通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;
who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;
whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;
时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,
要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;
as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,
修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。
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