定语从句修饰代词

　　关系代词与先行词。关系代词所修饰的(或指代的)词叫做先行词;先行词如果是“物”，则关系代词用which或that; 先行词如果是“人”，则关系代词用who或that; 也就是说，that既可用来修饰“人”也可用来修饰“物”。以下是小编为您搜集整理提供到的定语从句修饰代词内容，希望对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读参考学习！

　　定语从句修饰代词

　　在复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。学习定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose(一般指人);which(一般指物); that(指人或物)等。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：

　　1. This is the teacher who / that teaches us English. 这就是教我们英语的老师。(关系代词who / that 作主语。)

　　2. Do you understand the sentence which / that I have just explained to you? 你们懂不懂我刚才给你们讲的那个句子?(关系代词which / that 作have explained 的宾语。)

　　3. China is no longer the country that she used to be. 中国不再是过去那样的国家了。(关系代词that 作be的表语。)

　　4. Do you know the student whose composition is the best in our school? 你认识那个在我们学校作文最好的学生吗?(关系代词whose作composition的定语。)

　　关系代词引导定语从句要注意下列几个问题：

　　一、关系代词与先行词。关系代词所修饰的(或指代的)词叫做先行词;先行词如果是“物”，则关系代词用which或that; 先行词如果是“人”，则关系代词用who或that; 也就是说，that既可用来修饰“人”也可用来修饰“物”。如：

　　1. This is the newspaper which / that I am looking for.

　　[分析]定语从句的先行词为news-paper, 故关系代词可以用which或that。

　　2. Mr. Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.

　　[分析]定语从句的先行词为teacher, 故关系代词可以用who或that。

　　但如果先行词为all， everything， anything， nothing， little, much 等不定代词，或先行词被very， all， no， any， every， little， much， only等不定代词修饰时，关系代词只用that; 如果先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词也只用that; 如果先行词既有“人”又有“物”时，关系代词也只能用that。如：

　　1. Finally, the thief handed every-thing that he had stolen to the police.

　　2. That’s the only thing that we can do now.

　　3. This is the first composition that I have written in English.

　　4. We often talk of the persons and things that we knew in the school.

　　二、省略与不能省略。关系代词作主语，不能省略;关系代词作宾语，可以省略。如：

　　1. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing.

　　[分析] Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks是主句; that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing是定语从句。关系代词that作定语从句的主语，故不能省略。

　　2. The book (which / that) I lent you yesterday is my brother’s.

　　[分析] The book is my brother’s是主句;(which / that) I lent you yesterday是定语从句。关系代词which / that作定语从句里谓语动词的宾语，故可以省略。

　　3. The old man with white hair (who/ whom / that ) we saw at yesterday’s meeting is a professor.

　　[分析] The old man with white hair is a professor.是主句;(who/whom/that)we saw at yesterday’s meeting是定语从句。关系代词who/whom/that作谓语动词saw的宾语，故可以省略。

　　三、whose的用法。不管先行词是“人”还是“物”，都可以用关系代词whose作定语修饰后面的名词。如：

　　1. This book is for the students whose native language is not English.

　　[分析] whose的先行词是“人”;whose 的意思相当于the students’，在定语从句里充当定语。

　　2. Do you know who is living in that house whose windows face south?

　　[分析] whose的先行词是that house; whose window的意思相当于the window of that house, 在定语从句里充当定语。

　　四、who与 whom。指代“人”的关系代词作宾语时，既可用who也可用whom, 但作主语时只能用who。如：

　　1. Is this the man who / whom you asked for help yesterday?

　　[分析] 因为关系代词作asked的宾语，故既可以用who也可以用whom(当然也可以省略)。

　　2. This is the man who helped me carry my bag upstairs.

　　[分析]因为关系代词作主语，故只能用who (当然也可以用that)。

　　定语从句中的关系副词

　　定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：

　　表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句

　　when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

　　例： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

　　表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句

　　where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　例： The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

　　表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)

　　例：That is the reason why I did the job. (在现代英语中why可以省略)

　　关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，但以下注意点不可忽视：

　　1. “when”、“where”和“why”的运用取决于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的'成分，比较下面的几组句子：

　　★I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

　　★I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

　　This is the hospital where my mother works.

　　This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

　　The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

　　This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

　　2. “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：

　　Do you still remember the day when/on which we first met in Nantong?

　　This is the room where/in which we lived last year.

　　Do you know the reason why/for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party?

　　有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例：

　　My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

　　At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

　　3. 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。例：

　　I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.

　　He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

　　I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

　　Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

　　有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。

　　Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

　　The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil”.

　　简述“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的运用中，介词和关系代词的选用需注意以下几点：

　　一、介词的选用原则

　　1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。

　　①This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. (spend money on sth.为固定搭配)

　　② This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. (pay money for sth.为固定搭配)

　　2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。

　　① I remember the day on which I joined the League. (强调在具体某一天前要用介词on)

　　②I remember the days during which I lived here. (强调在某几天时间内要用介词during)

　　③ I remember the month in which I stayed there. (在month前介词要用in)

　　④ I don’t like the way (that /in which) he spoke to her. (先行词为way，表示“方式、方法”后接that 或in which或者省略)

　　二、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who、that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。

　　① 刚才跟你谈话的那个人是我的邻居。

　　The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)

　　The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)

　　② 我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。

　　The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)

　　The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)

　　三、介词可以后移，关系代词可以省略。

　　① The person to whom you’ll write is Mr. Ball.

　　=The person (whom/that/who) you’ll write to is Mr. Ball.

　　②What do you think of the materials (which/that) these clothes were made of?

　　=What do you think of the materials of which these clothes were made?

　　四、含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

　　① 这是我正在找的手表。

　　This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)

　　This is the watch for which I am looking. (误)

　　② 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

　　The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)

　　The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)

　　五、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：

　　① In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

　　② There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

　　③ Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.

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