定语从句后置法的例句

　　由于英语是一门语言学科，需要有大量的积累，方能有的放矢，因此考生们最早应该着手复习的考研科目便是英语了。在考研英语中语法是贯穿语言使用的经络，是完胜英译汉的重要法宝。今天小编授就带各位考生来学习定语从句，并学习定语从句中的后置翻译法是怎么一回事。

　　一、初识后置译法

　　英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的，因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。而对于起限定作用的定语从句，如果结构较为复杂，句子太长，无法译成前置定语，最好就是译成一个后置的并列分句，这样会更合乎汉语的习惯。

　　【例】

　　Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.

　　我们的反恐战争是一场意志力的较量。在这场较量中，不屈不挠的精神就是力量。

　　I propose to offer a theory which , as far as I am aware , has not previously been set forth , that only those animals capable of speech are capable of laughter , and that therefore man, being the only animal that speaks , is the only animal that laughs.

　　我试图提出一种理论，这种理论就我所知，还未曾有人提出过，那就是：只有能说话的动物才会笑。人是唯一能说话的动物，所以也是唯一会笑的动物。

　　二、后置翻译的方法

　　1.后置译法一

　　结构较为复杂的定语从句，经常翻译为后置的并列分句，在多数情况下要重点的翻译先行词，当句子不长时，出于某种原因需要强调先行词时，也需要重译先行词。

　　【例】

　　Two factors are particularly important in the history of inventions .One is the part played by inspiration , which can be far more vital than that of careful research.

　　在发明史上有两个因素特别重要。其一是灵感的`作用，这可能比苦心钻研的作用要重要的多。

　　Days and nights are very long on the moon , where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.

　　在月亮上，白天和黑天都相当长，月亮上的一天等于地球上的两周。

　　2.后置译法二

　　有些定语从句汉译时翻译成后置成分，但不可重译先行词，译文仍然符合汉语习惯。

　　I was contemptuously dismissed as a novice who had not read the great first volume of Marx’s Capital.

　　他们轻蔑地说我是个新手，连马克思的《资本论》第一卷这部重要著作也没读过。

　　Both picnics and barbeques are friendly , informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings.

　　野餐和烧烤都是友情洋溢、不拘礼节的社交活动，可以让大家在户外一个怡情的环境里高高兴兴地美餐一顿。

　　后置定语与定语从句

　　英语中的后置定语往往可以分为以下几类，形容词做后置定语，现在分词做后置定语，过去分词做后置定语，不定式作后置定语。而后置定语往往可以由定语从句演变而来，这种定语从句的关系词往往是关系代词在从句中充当主语。下面我们来逐一讨论：

　　1. 现在分词作后置定语

　　⑴Who is the girl dancing with your brother？（现在分词作后置定语，表正在）可改写成定语从句Who is the girl that is dancing with your brother？ The high building being built (=which is being built)there is meant for the old without children. It is expected to be finished in a year.(正在被建)

　　⑵Anyone touching the wire will get a shock.可以改成定语从句Anyone who touches the wire will get a shock.

　　2. 过去分词做后置定语

　　The jewelry (which is) worn by the Indians was made of bones.

　　The spaceship (which was) called Shenzhou Ⅴ, was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei. The Indians wearing (=who wore)jewelry (which）

　　was) made of bones greeted them warmly.

　　3. 不定时作后置定语

　　表示未发生或即将发生的情况如

　　The project （which is）to be completed next month needs more people to help.（即将完成的）

　　There are more pains (which are)to come.(要来的)

　　Children who lived closest to the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Station were among the first to be tested.（the first，the last之后常用不定式作定语）

　　4. 形容词作后置定语

　　She is an American girl interested in sports.

　　I am a person optimistic about everything hard in life

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