定语从句解题方法

相关推荐

定语从句解题方法

　　定语从句是英语学习不能回避的语法,学会它,英语写作水平提升一个等级下面是小编为大家整理的定语从句解题方法，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

　　一、选准关系代词和关系副词

　　在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：

　　(1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

　　(2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

　　二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况

　　that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：

　　1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。例如：

　　Is there anything that you want to buy?

　　2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：

　　These are all the pictures that I have seen.

　　This is the very dictionary that is of great help.

　　3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：

　　My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

　　4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：

　　Our school is not the one that it used to be.

　　5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：

　　This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

　　The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

　　6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：

　　Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

　　Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

　　三、把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用

　　介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：

　　Thats the reason for which he was late for school.

　　This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

　　注意：

　　1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：

　　This is the key which you are looking for.

　　This is the baby whom you will look after.

　　2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which.

　　四、弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别

　　1、位置上的区别：

　　as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：

　　As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

　　The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

　　The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

　　The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.

　　2、词义与联系上的区别：

　　as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：

　　Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.

　　Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.

　　五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性

　　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：

　　Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.

　　Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.

　　六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠

　　1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：

　　(1)Is this factory _______ we visited last week?

　　(2)Is this the factory _______ we visited last week?

　　A. which B. where C. what D. the one

　　分析：

　　第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。

　　第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。

　　2. 从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。例如：

　　错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?

　　分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。

　　初中定语从句解题技巧

　　一、定语从句的概念和用法

　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。

　　如：A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。

　　The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike.打破窗户的那个男孩叫迈克。

　　The man （whom/who/that） I met in the street is my teacher.我在街上见到的那个人是我的老师。

　　I will never forget the day when （on which） I joined the League.我将永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

　　This is the house where （in which） he lived ten years ago.这就是十年前他住过的房子。

　　I know the reason why （for which） she missed the train. 我知道她没赶上火车的原因。

　　上面六句中的machine，boy，man，day，house和reason是定语从句所修饰的词，叫作“先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系代词有that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当句子成分。为了更清楚地了解定语从句，现分别将关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所起的作用列表如下：

　　近几年中考英语主要考查定语从句的引导词，尤其是关系代词所占的比重较大，主要以单项选择题的形式出现。下面举几个例子帮助同学们巩固一下定语从句先行词的用法。

　　例1：It’s time to say good bye to my school.I’ll always remember the people____________have helped me.

　　A. who B. what C. which D. where

　　解析：先行词指人，做主语，选A。

　　例2：This is the novel____________is written by Guo Jingming.

　　A. who B. what C. that D. /

　　解析：先行词指物，做主语，选C。

　　例3：The shirt____________John bought me fits me very well.

　　A. which B. what C. as D. whose

　　解析：先行词指物，做宾语，可省略，选A。

　　例4：That’s the man____________house was destroyed in the storm.

　　A. that B. whose C. who D. which

　　解析：先行词指人，做定语，选B。

　　例5：Ten months has passed，but Chinese people still remember those exciting days____________they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

　　A. that B. who C. when

　　解析：先行词指时间，做宾语，可省略，选A。

　　二、定语从句的主谓一致

　　关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，不能省略，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。注意当“one of +复数名词”位于关系代词前做先行词时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。

　　例6：This is one of the books which____________written by Lu Xun.

　　A. am B. is C. was D. were

　　解析：该题的先行词为books，故答案应为D。本句的意思为“这是鲁迅所写的书中的一本”。但当one前有the （only），the （very）等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。

　　如：She is the only one of the girls who has learned French. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个学习法语的。

　　三、只能用that引导的情况

　　在下列情况下只能用that引导，不能用who或which引导：

　　1.当先行词是all，none，one，any，few，little，much，everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时

　　例7：Is there anything____________I can do for you？

　　A. what B. which C. that D. this

　　解析：句意为“有什么我可以为你做的吗？”故答案为C。

　　2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时

　　例8：This is the first place____________we visited last year.

　　A. where B. that C. which D. what

　　解析：句意为“这就是去年我们首先参观的地方”。故答案为B。

　　3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

　　例9：This is the best film____________I’ve ever seen.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. it

　　解析：句意为“这是我看过的最好的一部电影”。故答案为A。

　　4. 当先行词被the very，the only，the last，any，every修饰时

　　例10：This is the very book____________I am looking for.

　　A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　解析：句意为“这正是我在寻找的那本书”。故答案为D。

　　5. 当先行词既指人又指物时

　　例11： They talked about things and persons____________they remembered at school.

　　A. who B. that C. whom D. which

　　解析：句意为“他们谈到他们记得的在学校时的人和事”。故答案为B。

　　6. 当先行词是疑问词who，what，which时

　　例12：Who is the man____________is working there？

　　A. that B. who C. whom D. which

　　解析：句意为“在那儿工作的人是谁？”故答案为A。

　　四、只能用which不能用that引导的情况

　　1. 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰某物或整个句子时

　　例13：He takes a walk every day，____________is good for his health.

　　A. when B. it C. which D. that

　　解析：句意为“他每天散步，这对他的健康有好处”。故答案为C。

　　2. 当先行词在从句中做介词的宾语且介词前置时

　　例14：The hotel at____________we stayed was very small.

　　A. where B. what C. that D. which

　　解析：句意为“我们住的旅店很小”。故答案为D。

　　定语从句例句

　　定语从句例句一

　　1) I went to visit the American author who wrote a number of books about China.

　　2) I ate the soup my aunt prepared.

　　3) I have an arrangement with my bank, by which they let me use their money and repay them next month.

　　4) He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

　　5) Mr. Brown, who just came from Britain yesterday, will teach us accounting this term.

　　6) She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan, where she has some relatives.

　　7) The United States is known for its supermarkets, where huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.

　　8) The story happened in late 19th century, when China is suffering from the invasion of western powers.

　　定语从句例句二

　　1.who指人，在从句中做主语

　　(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。

　　在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

　　(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

【定语从句解题方法】相关文章：

定语从句01-27