高中定语从句语法讲解
英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。以下是小编为大家整理的高中定语从句语法讲解，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构;它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语;或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：
1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack
三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：
signs是：被修饰的名词;
that是：关系词;
that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句
2)those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：
those是：被修饰的名词;
who是：关系词;
who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：
被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)
要点提示：
1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .
他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations
people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。 又例如：
Rude people are those (先行词) whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect
for the rules(先行词) that(关系词) the majority follows .
不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。）
2）"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法 功能而决定的。
这个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法 功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如：
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.
我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .
有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：
tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )
告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
(一) 关系词
从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词;没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1)关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语;在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .
我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .
whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用;但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：
Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?
刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁?
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .
昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。
(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)
Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? (错误)
(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)
whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗?
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。
which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：
Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .
我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。
that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词;在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：
Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。
Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? (错误)
要点提示：
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：
This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .
这就是你昨天找的那本书。
I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .
我不喜欢你看的这本小说。
Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ?
你们谈论的那个人是谁?
定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .
(先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。)请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .
(先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent) 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
关系代词that 和which的区别
that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：
-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：
Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .
任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。
There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。
They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。
-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .
我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。
然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：
-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：
The world in which we live is made of matter .
我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
The world that we live in is made of matter.
(正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。)
我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
The world in that we live is made of matter.
(错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。)
-- 在非限定性定语从句(关于这一点随后就要讲解)中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .
太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。
-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 (常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中)
Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .
你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。
People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .
你描述的这种人现在很少见了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has .
这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。
非限定性定语从句 (as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实;并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。)
As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。
They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.
可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。
Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。
2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。
when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：
People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .
人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。
He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。
We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。
where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。
He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。
That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .
那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。
why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .
他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。
The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .
她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。
They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .
他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。
介词+关系代词
在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ;关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：
A)动词与介词的搭配B)名词与介词的搭配C)形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：
A)动词与介词的搭配
He has found a good job for which he is qualified .( qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" )他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . ( talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ) 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" )
他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。
B)名词与介词的搭配
They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . ( in the house "在屋子里" )
他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。
We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。
She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .( to extend "到某种程度" ) 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。
C)形容词与介词的搭配
The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")
老板对其不满意的`那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。
I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.( eager for "渴望得到…" ) 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。
He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。
2)定语从句的种类
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
知识过关
1 Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?
1)A. which B. that C. when D. where 2)A. where B. that C. which D. what
2 I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
3 She was not the woman _________ she was before.
A. what B. that C. who D. as
4 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________ they could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. from whom
5 A paper plant is __________ paper is made.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
6 They stayed with me for three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
7. ---- How do you like the cake? ---- It’s quite different from _________ I had last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
8. The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops.
A. which B. from which C. from it D. from that
9. In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place.
A. when B. that C. which D. from which
10. Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt. A. that worked on the project
B. he worked on the project C. who worked on the project D. whom worked on the project
11. The retiring teacher made a speech _________ she thanked the class for the gift.
A. which B. of which C. in which D. that
12. He has to work on Sundays, __________ he does not like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
13.Which of the two cows ______________you keep produces more milk?
A. that B. which C. whom D. when
14. He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least year. A. these B. those C. that D. of which
15. The boys, ___________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.
A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them
16. Rabbits make their homes in fields _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.
A. can where they B. where they can C. where can they D. where can
17. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
18. Who is that comrade _______ was there? A. whom B. that C. which D. whose
19. This is Mr Smith, __________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
19)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 20)A. what B. that C. who D. which
20. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy.
仿真训练
1 She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, ___________ I found quite strange.
1)A. which B. that C. what D. when 2)A. in which B. at which C. of which D. from which
2 China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is .
3 We came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before.
3)A. to where B. to which C. that D. which 4)A. since B. which C. that D. when
4 It was twelve o’clock ______they finished the work. 5)A. whom B. whoC. when D. because
5 He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
6 Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where
7 It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where
8 Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that
9 There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.
A. whose B. that C. which D. in which
10 ---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road? ---- Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others.
A. it; that; who B. which; that; that C. it; who; that D. who; which; that
11 His sister has become a teacher, ___was what she wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which
12 In the open boat, the four men, _________ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea.
A. one of which B. one of who C. one of whom D. one of them
13. His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. from which C. with which D. without which
14. The look, the cover ________ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which
15 The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired.
A. what B. which C. that D. all that
16 (1995 上海) In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30 p.m.,__________ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
17. Not only _________ the car he __________ been sold by his son for gambling debts, but also his new house. A. /; has B. has; had C. has; has D. was ; has
18. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast.
A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved
19. The high building ______ is a big hotel.
A. we are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking at
20. The baby _________is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good care
C. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking good care of
21 (2001) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
1)A. until B. that C. when D. where 2)A. It B. As C. That D. What
22 2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
23 (1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
24 (1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
25 (1998) He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B.which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
26 (1999) --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off? A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where
27 (1992) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
28 (1997上海) All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest .
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
29. (1999) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. 30(1993上海)
I don’t like __________ you speak to her. 29)A. it B. that C. when D. which
A. the way B. the in that C. the way which D. the way of which
【专项训练】
1.Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.
A.that B.which C.it D.who
2.Is there anything else you require?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.who C.it D.that
5.The railway tunnel, though the train goes, will be completed soon.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
6.His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made.
A.that B.which C.where D.there
7.There is no dictionary you can find everything.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
8.Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
9.Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
10.I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm.
A.which B.where C.when D.who
11.He wanted to know the time he needed to know .
A.that B.when C.where D.what
12.There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.
A.that B.which C.where D.as
13.They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English .
A.that B.which C.as D.what
14.The stems of bamboo are hollow makes them very light.
A.which B.as C.that D.it
15.Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely .
A.as B.which C.that D.this
16.They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them.
A.as B.which C.That D.this
17. we know now ,bats come out only at night .
A.As B.Which C .That D.What
18.John got beaten in the game , had been expected .
A.as B.that C.what D.who
19. has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules.
A.Which B.What C.That D.As
20.Do you know the reason he was late?
A.that B.which C.for what D.for which
21.He built a telescope he could study the skies.
A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it
22.I have bought two ballpens , writes well .
A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them
23.There are two thousand students in our school , are girls .
A.of whom two thirds B.two -thirds of them
C.two -third in them D.two -thirds in which
24.Do you know the man ?
A.whom I spoke B.to who I spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke
25.The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here .
A.where B.in which C.which D.to which
26.This is one of the best films this year.
A.have been shown B.that have shown C.that have been shown D.which has been shown
27.Can you lend me the book the other day ?
A.you talked about B.about that you talked C.that you talked D.which you talked
28.Is there any one in you class family is in the city .
A.who B.who’s C.which D.whose
29.I’ll never forget the days we stayed together.
A.when B.in which C.which D.what
30.Is some German friends visited last week ?
A.this school B.this the school C.this school one D.this school where
31.I’ll tell you he told me last month .
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all
32.Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?
A.for why B.for that C.which D.why
33.I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.
A.which B.in which…… C.on that D.on which
34.I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need .
A.in which , / B.where , which C.which , that D.that , that
35.Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.
A.where B.when C.that D.on which
36.The train she was travelling was late.
A.which B.on which C.for which D.on that
37.The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which
38.Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ?
A.that B./ C.which D.it
39.This is the best hotel in the city I know .
A.which B.that C.where D.it
40.I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library .
A.that B./ C.which D.they
41.The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all.
A.which B.who C.that D.whose
42.She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings .
A.which B.that C.with which D.for which
43.Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term.
A.which B.since C.that D.till
44.We hope to get such a tool he is using .
A.which B.as C.that D.where
45.Is there anything to you .
A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong
46.You can take any seat is free .
A.which B.where C.that D.in which
47.The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher.
A.of them B.of which C.of whom D.of who
48.My hometown is no longer the same it used to be .
A.which B.as C.that D.like
49.You may take anything useful .
A.you want B.what you want C.you want them D.which you want
50.He tore up my photo and upset me .
A.that B.it C.which D.what
51.During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed
52.The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers .
A.that B.wearing which C.worn by D.in which
53.The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house.
A.in which B.through which C.at which D.on which
54.The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter.
A.by which B.by whom C.by that D.of whom
55.The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
A.with which B.with it C.with that D.which
【答案】：
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C
11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 D
21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 A 30 B
31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 B 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 A
41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A
51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A
扩展：高中英语语法口诀
（一）巧记名词变复数的规则：
单数变为复数式，一般词尾加-s；
下列句词词尾后，要加-s先加-e。
发音[f] 、[ t ]、[s]和[z]，或是某些辅音加-o时。
有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意。
y前字母是辅音，一律变y为-ies.
遇到f和fe，有时需要变-ves.
少数名词不规则，特殊情况要强记。
说明：
1、名词变复数形式，一般在词尾加-s.
eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens，…
2、词尾发音为[f ， t s， z]的名词（即以字母sh， ch， s， x结尾者）在变复数时，要在词尾加-es，eg: watch-watches， box-boxes， bus-buses，etc
3、若词尾字母o的前面是辅音字母，变为复数时，有些加-es，eg: hero-heroes， Negro-Negroes， patato-patatoes， tomato-tomatoes.这四个词可组成一句话来记忆：Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes（英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿。简为二人吃二菜。）
但有些以o结尾的名词则加-s，eg: photo – photoes， piano –pianos等。
4、若词尾字母y前加的是辅音字母时，变为复数，首先把y变为i，再加-es， eg: family – families， city- cities， baby – babies等，但若词尾y前为元音字母时，则可直接加-s， eg: day-days， boy-boys等。
5、以f和fe结尾的名词变复数时，首先将f和fe变为v， 再加-es，我们也可用一句话来记，―狼（wolf）和小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用小刀（knife）威胁书架（shelf）上的半片（half）叶子（leaf）的生命（life）。另外记住一些常见特殊词，eg: roof—roofs.
6. 有些名词的复数变化是不规则的，eg: man-men， woman-women， child-children， chinese- chinese， sheep-sheep等，平时多留心，稍微加以归纳，是不难发现其的特征的。
（二）定冠词
冠词是NMET试题中出现较频繁的词性，近五年复出率高达83.3%。因而掌握冠词，尤其是定冠词的用法也尤其必要。
请看下面的顺口溜，它可以帮助我们记忆定冠词的一些用法：
特指、重提和唯一，岛屿，海峡和海湾；
海洋，党派最高级，沙漠，河流与群山；
方位、顺序和乐器，年代，团体与机关；
船名，建筑和组织，会议，条约与报刊；
姓氏复数，国全名，请你记住用定冠。
下面让我们再来―验证‖这顺口溜吧。请仔细观察下面各句中定冠词的用法，不难发现它的―功效‖与―真伪‖了。
1. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.
2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:00
3. The sun gives us heat and light.
4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.高中英语语法口诀。
5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.
6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?
7. She’s on the People’s Daily.
8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.
9. Who was the first to come?
10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.
11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s
12. In 1864， Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time.
（三）非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现率达百分之百。纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也―知之半解‖，深感头疼。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。
1、动词的不定式
①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。
②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。
③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。
⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。
⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
解析：①―to+动词原形‖是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。
②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。
④―not +动词不定式‖是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。
⑤疑问代词what， who， whom， which和疑问副词where， when， why ， how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。
⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。
2、动名词：
哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。
喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy， consider， escape， avoid）
停止，放弃太冒险（stop， give up ， risk）
反对想象莫推延（mine， imagine， delay， put off）
要求完成是期望（require， finish， look forward to.）
建议继续勤*练（suggest， go on， practise）
不禁原谅要坚持（can’t help， excuse ， insist on）
继续注意使成功（keep on， mind， succeed in）
（四）多个形容词并开修饰一个名词的问题
有两三个形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词。若有多个形容词修饰，可用下面这句话来判断、排列它们的顺序：县官行令杀国材。
其意思是：县（限）代表限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词，所有格，数字等。 官（观）代表表示观点的描绘性形容词，eg: fine beautiful interesting等。
行（形）代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词：eg: small tall， high， little， round等。 令代表表示年龄、新旧的形容词：eg: old， young等。
杀色（近似音）代表表示颜色的形容词：eg: white， black等。
国代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词：eg: Englsih， American， moun tain等。
材代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词，eg: wooden， silk， plastic， stone等。
请看下面的例子： a fine old stone bridge;
two big round new Chinese wooden tables;
his large new black foreign car.
（五）序数词中的特殊词：
记忆序数词中的特殊词时，可用顺口溜来记：
八去t，九减e， f来把ve替，若是遇上几十几，ie就把y来替。
即：eighth， ninth， fifth， twelfth， twentieth， thirtieth…
（六）一些动词
1. lie 的变化
记忆lie 的变化时，可用顺口溜来帮助记忆：
规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。
即：lie—lied—lied—lying（说谎）
lie—lay—lain—lying（躺，位于）
lay—laid—laid—layin（产卵，下蛋）
2、感官动词和使役动词：
记忆此项动词，可归纳于―五三二一‖，即：
―五看‖—see， watch， notice， observe， look at;
―二使‖—let， make， have;
―三听‖—hear， listen to;
―一觉‖—feel.
3、―否定转移‖的5个常用词：
我认为（think）猜想（suppose）与想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等着你的回答。eg: I don’t think he’ll come tomorrow.
4、―同源宾语‖的七个常用词
微笔（smile）着生话（live）歌唱（sing）着战斗（fight）死（die）也像睡觉（sleep）做梦（dream）一样甜蜜。
eg: Now we’re living a happy life and often dream good dreams.
5、巧记常用于―主语没有生命胜似有‖之类句子谓语的七个动词：
如果看见（see）或发现（discover） Turn（音译：特恩），一定要找到（find）他，并带（bring）他到这儿给（give）大伙展示（show）一下。
eg: Tomorrow’ll see the opening of the meeting.
Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.
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