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定语从句的特殊用法

时间:2021-07-05 13:37:54 英语 我要投稿

定语从句的特殊用法

  定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

  定语从句的特殊用法

  定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住:

  1.what不能引导定语从句.

  2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

  一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析:

  Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.

  MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.

  Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:

  A.指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

  1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

  (1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.

  (2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

  2.先行词为these时

  ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.

  3.在therebe开头的句子中

  Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.

  4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。

  Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.

  5.在非限制性定语从句中

  A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.

  B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

  二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析:

  1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.

  2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.

  3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)

  4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)

  注:

  A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.

  (1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.

  (2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.

  B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。

  Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?

  Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.

  Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.

  C.指物时,下列情况下只能用that,不宜用which。

  (1)先行词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。

  Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.

  Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.

  Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

  (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

  ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.

  (3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

  ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.

  Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

  (4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的.先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适,只能用that。

  Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.

  Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.

  (5)如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。

  Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.

  (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只用that。

  Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?

  D.只物时,下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that。

  (1)关系代词放在介词之后

  Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.

  (2)非限制性定语从句中

  Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.

  (3)that,Those作主语时

  ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.

  E.先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as,不用that,但thesame…as…表示同样的,thesame…that…表示同一的

  Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.

  Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.

  三.比较When/which、where/which、why.

  whichIstillneverforget.

  ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.

  whichhespentreadingthebooks.

  whereIfoundthebook.

  whichmakesmachines.

  Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.

  whichIwillneverforget.

  whichIamlookingfor.

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